Dynamics of Adaptive Immunity Part 2 Flashcards
B cell memory half life is more robust than ________
Detectable T cell memory
After smallpox vaccination, antibodies do not decline, but what declines?
CD4 memory and CD8 memory
What is the concept of Antibody Affinity Maturation?
B cells have receptors with wide ranges of affinities that present to T cells to become activated to clear antigen. However, as the antigen concentration decreases, the B cells with the highest affinity continue and interact with effector TH cells to dominate the responses
What is the concept of Original Antigenic Sin?
When individuals who have been infected and subsequently exposed to related variants, they preferentially make antibodies against the epitopes that were present on the initial virus exposure
What was seen in the Cleveland CLinic study effectiveness of the bivalent COVID-19 vaccine?
People were at higher risk of acquiring breakthrough COVID-19 with higher number of COVID-19 vaccination doses of the WA Strain and that more COVID-19 doses can lessen the effectiveness of protection against the newer variants
What is the role of IL-12(p70) and IL-23?
They both amplify TH1 and Th17 cells respectively
IL-12 and IL-23 share a _____ subunit and their receptors share the _____ subunit
P40 subunit and their receptors share the IL-124B1 subunit
What is IL-12p70?
It is required for resistance to pathogens requiring TH1 mediated responses
What is IL-12p70 critical for?
NK and CTL proliferation and killer cell activity.
IL-12p70 is required for TH1 mediated resistance to _____
Intracellular pathogens
When TH1 cells from mice are transferred into RAG2 and p40 deficient mice, what happens?
RAG2- Mice: they produce IL-12p70, but have no functioning T or B cells
P40- mice: cannot make IL-12p70 but have functioning B and T cells
CD4T cell help is required for induction and long term function of _______
CD8 memory T cells
What was shown with the mice experiment in terms of CD4 T cell help with long term function of CD8?
After 7 days of infection, both types of mice have expanded a similar number of DNA-specific CD8 T cells. After 70 days, the mice only expand OVA-specific memory cells
Mice that do not express MHC Class 2 fail to develop what?
CD4 T cells, and here long-term survival of functional antigen specific CTL
