Dynamic Equilibrium & Le Chateliers Principle

Question 0

Closed system

Answer 0

Neither products nor reactants can escape.

Question 1

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 1

An equilibrium that exists in a closed system and the forward + reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

Question 2

le Chatelier’s Principle

Answer 2

When a system is in dynamic equilibrium and is subjected to a change, the system equilibrium shifts to counter it.

Question 3

Effect of concentration

Answer 3

Increasing [reactants] causes the equilibrium to shift to the right.
Therefore, [reactants] will decrease, & [products] will increase.

Question 4

Effect of pressure

Answer 4

The side with the greater number of molecules of gas will be at a higher pressure.
Increasing pressure causes equilibrium to move to the side with the fewer particles.

Question 5

Effect of temperature

Answer 5

Increasing temperature favours the direction that needs/takes in heat (ie the endothermic reaction)

Question 6

Haber Process

Answer 6

Using these conditions, ~15% of N2 and H2 are converted into NH3.
Temperature: 450C (compromise)
Pressure: 200atm (compromise)
Catalyst: Fe

Question 7

Importance of NH3

Answer 7

• vital for world food production
• ~85% of NH3 produced is used in the manufacture of artificial fertilisers
• used in manufacture of HNO3
• used in cleaning fluids