DVT & PE Flashcards
Prevention
Goals of therapy:
Prevent thrombus extension & early & late recurrences of VTE
Clinical Manifestations of DVT include
May be asymptomatic, nonspecific
Leg Edema
Tenderness
Discoloration/erythema
Difficulty walking
Clinical Manifestations of DVT include
May depend on size of clot- larger clots tend to?
produce more pronounced symptoms
Clinical Manifestations of DVT include
Most clinically significant PEs orginate from?
LE DVTs. Can have minor S&S & have extensive clot.
Diagnosing DVT
DVT unlikely what test?
Positive?
Negative?
D-DImers
Positive complete venous US
Negative = no DVT
Diagnosing DVT
DVT likely what test?
complete venous US
Treatment for Proximal DVT
At least 3 mo AC; DOAC in noncancer pts if no contraindications
Reassessment of Proximal DVT occurs when?
may extend for how long? and why?
3mo
May extend AC to yearly evaluation d/t risk/benefit, compliance, and patients preference
Treatment of Isolated Distal DVT with High risk recurrence?
3 mo AC
Treatment of Isolated Distal DVT with High risk recurrence?
Treatment or surveillance 4-6 wk AC (full or lower dose) or venous US surveillance
Modified Wells Criteria: Clinical Assessment for PE
What factors are assessed?
Clinical symptoms of DVT (leg swelling, pain with palpation)
Other diagnosis less likely than PE
HR > 100
Immobilization (>/= 3 days) or surgery in the previous four weeks
Previous DVT/PE
Hemoptysis
Malignancy
Prox DVT/PE, no cancer can be treated w/ what?
For how long?
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
3mo
DVT provoked by surgery can be treated w/ what?
For how long?
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
3mo
DVT with no surgery can be treated w/ what?
For how long?
Dabigatran
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
3mo
1st unprovoked DVT can be treated with?
for how long?
Rivaroxaban - reduced dose
Apixaban - reduced dose
Extended treatment
Active CA & + VTE/PE can be treated with? for how long?
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
LMWH - may be preferred if luminal GI malignancy
If unprovoked DVT & DCing anticoag use what?
ASA
Isolated distal DVT of LE + no symptoms or risks of extension use what?
serial dopplers
Drugs that are Factor Xa inhibitors?
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban
Edoxaban
Drugs that are Thrombin inhibitors?
Dabigatran
Drugs that are Factor Xa/Thrombin Inhibitors?
LMWH
Complications of DVT: Post-thrombotic syndrome
Occurs in up to what % of patients with proximal DVT, within how long, despite anticoagulation?
Results from?
Duration?
Symptoms?
50%
~ 1-2yrs
valvular incompetence &/or residual obstruction
Chronic & progressive
Pain, edema, sometimes ulcerations
Complications of DVT: Venous Ulceration
From what?
Usually appears where?
Prevent by use of?
post-thrombotic syndrome
usually appear perimalleolar area
compression stockings
What type of PE can be life-threatening in normal persons?
What type of PE can be life-threatening in person with impaired physiologic reserves?
Massive emboli
Submassive
2/3 of those who die from PE will do so w/n how long?
1st hour of presentation
In those with HD instability, mortality increases by how much?
7 fold
Heart Failure d/t PE results from?
Vascular resistance to RV output increased RV pressure leading to ventricular wall stress increase leading to cardiac ischemia.
In early phase of Heart Failure d/t PE what compensatory mechanisms maintain flow?
Which leads to?
Tachycardia & RV dilation
RV output falls d/t wall stress & ischemia leading to decreased LV preload