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Music Aural HSC > Duration > Flashcards

Duration Flashcards

1
Q

absent/weak/strong

A

Pulse

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2
Q

Tempo

A

describe w italian term and where and how it changes.

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3
Q

Time signature

A

2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/8, 2/2 etc

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4
Q

Polyrhythm

A

More than one rhythm

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5
Q

Cross rhythm

A

ie, 3 beats and 2 beats

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6
Q

Rhythm

A

Is it unifying, contrasting, poly, cross?

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7
Q

upbeat before song

A

Anacrusis

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8
Q

Syncopation

A

displacing the beat, creates interest and variety as is unexpected to the ear. Having strong beat on a weak beat.

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9
Q

Repeated rhythmic motif

A

Rhythmic ostinato

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10
Q

Reptition of rhythm

A

rhythmic repetition

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11
Q

diminution

A

when a theme is repeated but is varied by using notes with shorter duration then in the original e.g. the note values are halved, which makes it much faster

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12
Q

Augmentation

A

stretching the time signature: when a theme is repeated but is varied by increasing the note values e.g. doubling the length of each note, which makes it a lot slower

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13
Q

Note values

A

long, short, 8th notes, 1/4, 16th? etc

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14
Q

rhythmic pattern of syncopated beats with two beats in the time of three or three beats in the time of two. Regroups the beats to make it feel like it’s a different time signature

A

hemiola

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15
Q

What is moving from 2 groups of 3 to three groups of 2?

A

hemiola

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16
Q

Discuss time signature

A

Fully describe the time signature: is it simple or compound and then state the time signature ‘numbers’

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17
Q

Compound time signature

A

pulse can be divided into 3 beats/rhythms

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18
Q

Simple

A

pulse can be divided into 2 beats/part rhythms

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19
Q

Describe tempo

A

Use Italian words to describe tempo. How does it affect mood? sudden or gradual? where in the song the piece the tempo changes?

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20
Q

Largo

A

broad, slow, dignified

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21
Q

Lento

A

slow

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22
Q

Adagio

A

at ease, slow, but not as slow as largo

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23
Q

Andante

A

walking pace (andantino- a little faster than this)

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24
Q

Moderato

A

moderate speed

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25
Q

Allegro

A

fast, lively

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26
Q

Presto

A

very fast (prestissimo- as fast as possible)

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27
Q

Fermata

A

marks a note to be held

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28
Q

What is opposite of accelerando?

A

Rallentando

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29
Q

Alla marcia

A

march style, strict tempo

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30
Q

A tempo

A

return to previous tempo

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31
Q

rubato

A

robbing the time, musical freedom

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32
Q

mosso,

A

moved (piu- more, meno-less)

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33
Q

Anacrusis

A

upbeat in an unfinished bar before piece begins. How long is it?

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34
Q

Beat

A

strong/weak? Cohesive and flowing? Fragmented and disjunct? make sure you justify your response. Is the beat reinforced by the drums or the accented chords? Is there a BACKBEAT?

35
Q

Back beat

A

continuous heavy beat on 2nd & 4th beat

36
Q

Note lengths

A

describe overall note lengths of each instrument Are the length of notes longer in the melody than in the backing? or the other way around

37
Q

With regard to note lengths what is likely?

A

That different instruments will have contrasting rhythms, so describe each using specific durations “The bass guitar is playing constant 1/8th notes”

38
Q

What must be thoroughly covered first in a duration question?

A
  1. Time signature 2. Tempo 3. Anacrusis 4. Beat 5. Note lengths
39
Q

After covering 1. Time signature 2. Tempo 3. Anacrusis 4. Beat 5. Note lengths what can then be covered?

A
  1. Triplets 7. Dotted rhythms 8. Syncopation 9. Rhythmic ostinatos 10. Accents
40
Q

Triplets

A

Where do they occur, are they 1/4 or 1/8 note triplets?

41
Q

Dotted rhythm

A

Is dotted rhythm used or in specific sections or instrumental parts?

42
Q

Syncopation

A

Is syncopation used? Is it created through accents? Is syncopation heavy, light, continues, occasional?

43
Q

Rhythmic ostinato

A

What are the rhythmic features of the ostinato? Repeating Crotchets, Dotted rhythm, quavers etc… You should try and notate any rhythmic ostinato.

44
Q

Accents

A

Is there an accent pattern? If so notate it. Are accents regular or irregular? Does this relate to syncopation? Are they sforzando? (heavy & forceful) or tenuto (more drawn out)?

45
Q

How can changes to tempo be created?

A

RITENUTO (sudden slowing down), ACCELERANDO (sudden speeding up), RUBATO (freely moving with lack of pace)

46
Q

what might different sections have?

A

Different sections of songs tend to have specific durational features. A chorus may introduce triplets. The verse may use swing rhythm. A different accent pattern may be introduced in a contrasting section.

47
Q

Grave

A

very slow/ almost solemn

48
Q

Vivace

49
Q

Ritardano

A

gradually slowing down, holding back

50
Q

Is the piece multimetred?

A

Have changing time signatures?

51
Q

Is there a total absence of time signature?

A

Eg. in contemporary art music it may have no feeling of pulse/consistency

52
Q

Is there doubling?

A

Doubling the length of notes to make it longer

53
Q

are there rests/pauses?

A

creating contrast & interest?

54
Q

Are there cross or polyrhythms?

A

2 (or more) contrasting rhythms played at once

56
Q

How can variety be achieved?

A

-rep of same rhythm w. different pitch -rep of same pitch w. different rhythm

57
Q

-contrasting rhythms against each other creates …

58
Q

What could you ask about a rhythmic ostinato?

A

Is there variation or development or does it remain unchanged?

59
Q

Articulation

A

do notes stop abruptly or smoothly? Staccato/pizzicato/legato/sluring Accents?

60
Q

Phrasing

A

balanced/imbalanced?

61
Q

how could you describe the use of normal accents?

A

metrical accents

62
Q

can tempo be strict/

63
Q

can tempo change be sudden/

64
Q

If tempo changes, what

A

is the effect?

65
Q

How does tempo & rhythmic changes relate

A

to the other concepts?

66
Q

What can accents be related to?

A

synocpation

67
Q

What are the note values? (4 egs)

A

e,g, sustained notes, dotted notes, runs and fast note

68
Q

Describe the mood? (4 egs)

A

e.g. lively, animated, dramatic, constant motion

69
Q

Texture in relation to rhythm

A

How does the rhythm fit into the texture?

70
Q

How could you relate pitch to rhythm?

A

What is the rhythm of the melody?

71
Q

How could you describe dominant/subordinate instruments with regard to rhythm?

A

Which instrument plays each rhythmic pattern?

72
Q

How does tempo affect…

73
Q

How could you describe dynamics with regard to rhythm?

A

What are the dynamics of the rhythm?

74
Q

Triplets are

A

a rhythmic device

75
Q

duplets are

A

a rhythmic device

76
Q

ties are

A

a rhythmic device

77
Q

an anacrusis is a

A

a rhythmic device

78
Q

What does having similar rhythms create?

A

unity through duration

79
Q

What does repeating teh same rhythm with the same pitch achieve?

80
Q

static unchanging tempo creates ….. and thus….

A

which creates familiarity and thus repetition

81
Q

what would a fluctuating tempo create

A

instability & therefore contrast

82
Q

what feeling does a polyrhythm create?

A

disjunct feeling achieving contrast

83
Q

what must you link when describing a durational feature?

A

detailed description and their musical purpose

Music Aural HSC (8 decks)

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