Dual Diagnosis Flashcards
what else can dual diagnosis be called?
co-morbidity
co-occurence
what does dual diagnosis mean?
more than one diagnosis
- 2 or more health problems (in any category)
what is heterotypic dual diagnosis?
a mental and physical disorder
what is homotypic dual diagnosis?
2 or more disorders in the same category
eg. 2 mental health disorders
what is concurrent
happening at the same time
eg. alcohol dependence and depression
what is successive?
happen one after the other
eg. the occurance of one disorder and the likelihood of another coming up later
what is the continuum
the range of symptoms from mild to severe disorder
when is dual diagnosis mostly applied?
mostly refers to substance issues with mental health
why is it useful in this setting between substance and mental health?
allows the establishment of the relationship between them and if one issue is complimenting the other
what is the correlation between meth and MH
88% of meth addicts had major depression
30% of meth addicts had experienced psychotic episodes that year
mental health disorders and alcohol and drug settings (rehab)
anxiety
depression
personality disorders
what substances are common in MH ward?
alcohol
tobacco
some cannabis/amphetamines/heroin
why do we see so much tobacco in MH?
stress and coping with symptoms
symptoms of depression
- feeling sad
- loss of interest and pleasure
- loss of appetite/weight
- inability to get to sleep or waking up early
- feeling tired all the time
- trouble concentrating
- negative thoughts
- feeling restless
how could drugs cause MH problems?
it can interfere with medication
drugs can have a negative impact on your life
long term cannabis use causes depression like symptoms
come downs
anxiety symptoms
feeling worried all the time getting tired easily unable to concentrate feeling irritable irregular HB/palpitations dizziness muscle tension or pain
how do drugs impact anxiety
depressants- agitation, anxiety, and irritability common features of withdrawal
alcohol- alcohol related problems can create new worries
cannabis- paranoia is a common symptom
whats hanxiety
hangover and anxiety combined
hangxiety symptoms
brain activity involving dopamine is lower during a hangover
heightened stress during a hangover can also make it difficult for someone to cope with any additional stress
more trouble regulating emotions
worse performance in key aspects of executive functions
people who ‘catastrophise’ pain are more likely to experience anxiety
why do we see depression and anxiety in AOD?
relief
having to hide drug habits can impact MH
psychosis
reinforcing effect of drugs related to dopamine eg. cannabis
psychosis in cannabis
cannabis increases rates of hospitalisation, psychotic relapse and psychotic symptoms
psychosis in alcohol
negative symptoms (flat) worse and affects treatment
non-compliance with medication
higher relapse rates
psychosis and stimulants
may directly cause psychotic episodes
amphetamine psychosis: brief psychotic reaction that can last weeks eg. picking skin
what is formication?
the sensation bugs are crawling under your skin when they dont exist
common symptoms to amphetamines?
punding/stereotypy
formication
what happens to the mental state when a cocktail of drugs are used?
uppers and downer cycles
can simulated bipolar affective disorder
why is dual diagnosis of concern?
greater severity of disorders
- more hallucinations, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation
- relapse risk increased
- rehospitalisation
- effects on medications
Schizophrenia pos and neg symptoms
pos -hallucinations -delusional thinking -disorganised speech neg -flattened affect -lack of motivation -poverty of speech
