DSM Through the Years

Question 1

Characteristics of DSM-I (1952)

Answer 1

Contained 106 disorders
Categories were descriptive, but could be vague and not very reliable
Psychoanalytic tilt

Question 2

Characteristics of DSM-II (1968)

Answer 2

182 disorders
Short prose definition of disorders
EX: Inadequate Personality Disorder was a person lacking mental energy and passively allowed others to take responsibility of their life
Unreliable
Lack of international agreement
Based on the medical model (not humane)
Risk of social stigma

Question 3

Characteristics of DSM-III (1980)

Answer 3

265 diagnostic categories
Went beyond glossary of symptoms to explicit criteria sets based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria and SADS Interview Implemented multiaxial system; deleted homosexuality

Question 4

Characteristics of DSM-III R (1987)

Answer 4

292 diagnoses

Changed criteria primarily on the basis of research findings

Question 5

Characteristics of DSM-IV (1994)

Answer 5

297 diagnoses

Requires “clinically significant distress or impairment”

Question 6

Characteristics of DSM-IV TR (2000)

Answer 6

Multi-axial System
Axis I: all diagnostic categories
Axis II: personality disorders
Axis III: medical conditions
Axis IV: psychosocial and environmental factors
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning

Question 7

Characteristics of DSM-V (2013)

Answer 7

More than 450 changes in criteria sets from DSM IV-TRAttempt to reflect scientific advances in understanding psychiatric disorders Attempt to be more user-friendly Diagnoses are grouped into clusters based on research suggesting common etiological basis No more multiaxial system; eliminated GAF Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders Includes assessment measures Includes cultural formulation

Question 8

Outline for Cultural Formulation

Answer 8

Cultural identity of the individual
Cultural conceptualizations of distress
Psychosocial stressors and cultural features of vulnerability and resilience
Cultural features of the relationship between the individual and the clinician

Question 9

Changes to Anxiety Disorders

Answer 9

Anxiety disorders are now separated into three categories:
Anxiety disorders
Obsessive compulsive disorders
Trauma and stressor related disorders

Question 10

Changes to Schizophrenia

Answer 10

Schizoaffective Disorder: at least 2 wks of delusions or hallucinations in the absence of a major mood episode – but symptoms that meet criteria for a mood episode must be present for the majority of the disorder’s total duration
Delusional disorder – can be bizarre or non-bizarre Catatonia as a specifier across disorders