DSM 5 Disorders Flashcards
Intellectual Disability
SYMPTOMS: Global deficit in general mental abilities and adaptive functioning.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: During the developmental period (no specific age).
SPECIFIERS: None.
Global Developmental Delay
SYMPTOMS: Expected developmental milestones have not been met.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: Must be identified before 5 years old.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Intellectual Development Disorder (unspecified intellectual disability)
SYMPTOMS: Severity of disability is difficult/impossible assess due to other impairments.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: Must be identified after 5 years old (otherwise Global Developmental Delay).
SPECIFIERS: None.
Language Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Impaired language acquisition and use of spoken/written language.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: Early developmental period (no specific age).
SPECIFIERS: None.
Autism Spectrum
SYMPTOMS: Social communication delays (reciprocity deficit, poor use of nonverbals, impaired ability to maintain relationships), and at least 2 symptoms of restrictive behaviors (stereotypic/repetitive speech or behaviors, ritualized patterns, fixated interests, reactivity to sensory input or environment).
DURATION: None.
ONSET: Early developmental period (no specific age).
SPECIFIERS: None.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity depending on specifier. 6 symptoms for individuals under 17 years old. 5 symptoms for individuals over 17 years old.
INATTENTION: difficulty holding attention, careless/misses details in tasks, difficulty listening, poor follow-through in tasks, trouble organizing tasks, avoids sustained mental effort, loses necessary items, easily distracted, forgetful in daily life.
HYPERACTIVITY: fidgets, leaves seat when expected to stay seated, restlessness, unable to participate in leisure time quietly, often feels “on the go,” talks excessively, blurts out statements, trouble with taking turns, interrupts/intrudes on others.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: Diagnosed before 12 years old.
SPECIFIERS: Combined, primarily inattentive or primarily hyperactive presentation.
Delusional Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Non-bizarre delusions, no impact to functioning outside of delusions. If mood symptoms are present, they are mild or brief.
DURATION: At least 1 month of delusions.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: Delusional type (erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, somatic, mixed, unspecified).
Brief Psychotic Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and/or negative symptoms).
DURATION: 1 day to 1 month. Symptoms subside after 1 month.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Schizophreniform
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior and/or negative symptoms).
DURATION: 1 month to 6 months. Symptoms subside after 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Schizophrenia
SYMPTOMS: 2 or more symptoms of psychosis. At least one symptom must be hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech. May also include disorganized behavior and negative symptoms.
DURATION: 6 months or more; at least one month of active symptoms
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Schizoaffective Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Delusions or hallucinations persist most of the time, with the presence of manic or depressive episodes. Symptoms of psychosis persist despite mood fluctuations.
DURATION: Delusions/hallucinations persist at least 2 weeks without mood disturbances.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: Bipolar Type, Depressive Type
Bipolar I Disorder
SYMPTOMS: History of at least 1 manic episode.
DURATION: 1 week.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: one-time, recurring, most recent episode depressed/mixed/manic
Manic Episode
SYMPTOMS: elevated/irritable mood, rapid speech, racing thoughts, increased high-risk behaviors, decreased need for sleep, grandiosity.
DURATION: At least 1 week.
Depressive Episode
SYMPTOMS: depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, feelings of worthlessness, fatigue, eating/sleeping disturbances, indecision/poor concentration, suicidal ideation
DURATION: At least 2 weeks.
Hypomanic Episode
SYMPTOMS: Milder version of manic episode (i.e. persistent elevated mood, restlessness, poor sleep).
DURATION: At least 4 days.
Bipolar II Disorder
SYMPTOMS: History of at least one hypomanic and one depressed episode.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: one-time, recurring, most recent episode depressed/mixed/manic
Cyclothymia
SYMPTOMS: Low-level mood disturbance with hypomanic and depressed episodes.
DURATION: At least 2 years for adults; 1 year for children. During this time symptoms have never resided for more than 2 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Chronic irritability, temper outbursts.
DURATION: Outbursts are 3x per week for 1 year; no more than 3 months without symptoms during this time.
ONSET: 6-10 years old, up to 17 years old.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Major Depressive Disorder
SYMPTOMS: History of at least one depressive episode, no history of manic episodes.
DURATION: At least 2 weeks.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: Mild, moderate, severe, partial/full remission
Persistent Depressive Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of depression.
DURATION: At least 2 years for adults, 1 year for children.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Excessive anxiety when separating from an attachment figure.
DURATION: At least 4 weeks in children/teens; 6 months in adults.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Specific Phobia
SYMPTOMS: Specific object/situation provokes fear/anxiety. Object/situation is avoided or endured with extreme anxiety.
DURATION: At least 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: Specify the object or situation.
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
SYMPTOMS: At least one social situation is avoided or endured with anxiety. Fears negative evaluation, embarrassment and/or rejection in social situation.
DURATION: At least 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Identify at least 5 symptoms of a panic attack
- Intense fear or “going crazy”
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Rapid heartbeat
- Fear of Dying
- Choking feelings
- Shortness of Breath
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Chills or Heat
- Shaking
Panic Disorder
SYMPTOMS: History of at least one panic attack followed by a persistent fear of future attacks and avoidance of situations that may provoke panic.
DURATION: At least 1 month.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Agoraphobia
SYMPTOMS: Fear of at least 2 social situations (public transportation, open spaces, enclosed spaces, crowds, outside alone). Fear that help will be difficult to find or unavailable.
DURATION: At least 1 month.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Uncontrollable worries focused on a variety of life domains. Also includes at least one: restlessness, fatigue, irritability, muscle tension, concentration issues or sleep disturbances.
DURATION: At least 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Obsessions and compulsions that are time-consuming and/or cause clinically significant distress. Compulsions are meant to reduce anxiety.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Perceived deficit in a specific body part(s) that is not observable to others. Repetitive behaviors/mental acts are performed to reduce anxiety.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Reactive Attachment Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Child rarely seeks/responds to comfort when distressed, lack of responsiveness, disengaged with attachment figures.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: 9 months to 5 years old.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Child actively approaches and engages with unknown adults. overly familiar with others.
DURATION: 9 months old, or developmentally 9 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Acute Stress Disorder
SYMPTOMS: 9 or more symptoms of trauma.
DURATION: 3 days to 1 month.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
SYMPTOMS: At least 1 symptom of intrusion, 2 mood/cognition alterations, 2 arousal symptoms, 1 avoidance symptom.
DURATION: At least 1 month.
ONSET: Traumatic event (direct, witnessed, happened to loved one, repetitive act).
SPECIFIERS: None.
Describe the symptoms of trauma.
ACRONYM: A MAID
- Avoidance: avoidance of thoughts, feelings or external reminders of trauma
- Mood/Cognition Alterations: persistent negative beliefs in self/others, persistent negative emotional states, inability to experience positive emotions
- Arousal: hypervigilance, sleep disturbances, irritable/aggressive responses, exaggerated startle response
- Intrusion: intrusive memories, flashbacks, nightmares
- Dissociative: derealization, depersonalization
According to DSM 5, what is considered a trauma?
Actual or threatened death, injury and/or sexual violation. May be directly experienced, witnessed, experienced by a loved one, or experienced through repetitive/recurrent exposures (“first responder”).
Adjustment Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Negative reaction to an identifiable stressor.
DURATION: 3 months of stressor, stops 6 months after stressor is terminated.
ONSET: Significant stressor (i.e. divorce, move, car accident, illness).
SPECIFIERS: Depressed mood, anxiety, mixed anxiety/depression, conduct, or mixed conduct/emotional features
Somatic Symptom Disorder
SYMPTOMS: At least one somatic symptoms that results in at least two of the following: health-related anxiety, persistent concerns about symptom severity, and excessive time/energy devoted to health concerns.
DURATION: At least 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Illness Anxiety Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Persistent belief that an individual has or will have a serious disease despite proof there is no disease present. Results in anxiety and efforts to avoid or excessively engage in medical care.
DURATION: At least 6 months..
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Conversion Disorder
SYMPTOMS: At least one neurologic symptom that is not caused by a neurological, medical or substance disorder.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: Code according to the type of neurological symptom.
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Persistent failure to eat adequately without concern about weight/body image. At least one of the following: significant weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on feeding tubes and impaired psychosocial functioning.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Anorexia Nervosa
SYMPTOMS: Food restriction beyond healthy limits, intense fear of gaining weight, continued weight loss despite low body weight.
DURATION: None.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: Restricting type or Binge-eating/purging type
Bulimia Nervosa
SYMPTOMS: Binge eating (lack of control or eating substantially more food in a period of time than typical) and purging behaviors to prevent weight gain.
DURATION: At least once per week for at least 3 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Binge-Eating Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Binge eating (lack of control or eating substantially more food in a period of time than typical). At least 3 of the following: eating rapidly, until uncomfortably full, large amounts of food when not hungry, alone to avoid embarrassment, and feelings of disgust/depression about eating.
DURATION: At least once per week for at least 3 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Enuresis
SYMPTOMS: Elimination of urine into bed or clothes.
DURATION: At least 2x per week for at least 3 consecutive months.
ONSET: At least 5 years old.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Encorpresis
SYMPTOMS: Soiling pants or elimination on the floor.
DURATION: At least 1x per month for at least 3 consecutive months.
ONSET: At least 4 years old.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Insomnia Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Inadequate sleep quality or quantity.
DURATION: At least 3x per week for at least 3 consecutive months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: Onset, terminal and maintenance.
Hypersomnolence Disoder
SYMPTOMS: Excessive sleepiness with a main sleep period of at least 7 hours. At least one of the following: lapses into sleep during the day, 9+ hours of sleep, or difficulty being fully awake.
DURATION: At least 3x per week for at least 3 consecutive months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Erectile Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Inability to obtain an erection during sexual activity, maintain an erection until completion of sexual activity or marked decrease in erectile rigidity that impairs functioning.
DURATION: At least 6 months with almost all sexual occasions.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Premature Ejaculation
SYMPTOMS: Ejaculation occurs within ~1 minute of sexual activity and prior than wanted.
DURATION: At least 6 months with almost all sexual occasions.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Female Orgasmic Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Delay, infrequency or lack of orgasm.
DURATION: At least 6 months with almost all sexual occasions.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disoder
SYMPTOMS: Lack of sexual interest; at least 3 symptoms (reduced sexual activity, thoughts, excitement, interest, responsiveness to partner, genital sensations).
DURATION: At least 6 months with almost all sexual occasions.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Gender Dysphoria (Children)
SYMPTOMS: Incongruence between biological and expressed gender resulting in distress, strong desire to be opposite gender and 5 of the following (cross-gender preferences in dress, toys/activities, and/or playmates. Rejection of traditional gender roles, dislike for one’s sexual anatomy, desiring sex characteristics for preferred gender).
DURATION: At least 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Gender Dysphoria (Adult)
SYMPTOMS: At least 2 of the following (incongruence between sex characteristics & subjective gender; remove or prevent development of sex characteristics; desire for sex characteristics of opposite gender; desire to be the opposite gender; desire to be treated like the opposite gender; a belief one has the feelings/reactions of opposite gender).
DURATION: At least 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
SYMPTOM: Persistent pattern of angry/irritable mood with defiant/vindictive behavior. Must include at least 4 of the following (temper tantrums, easily annoyed, angry/resentful, argues, non-compliance, intentionally annoys others, blames others for behavior, spiteful/vindictive behavior at least 2x in 6 months).
DURATION (Under 5 years old): Most of the time for at least 6 months.
DURATION (Over 5 years old): At least 1x per week for at least 6 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
SYMPTOMS: Behavior outbursts and inability to control aggression. Does not lead to harm.
DURATION: At least 3 months OR 3 violent outbursts causing harm/destruction in past 12 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIERS: None.
Conduct Disorder
SYMPTOM: Persistent violation of the rights of others/animals. At least 3 symptoms (aggressive, provokes fights, uses weapons, destroys property, theft, use of decieit, physically cruel).
DURATION: 3 symptoms for at least 1 year; at least one present in past 6 months.
ONSET: Childhood-onset (before age 10), Adolescent-onset type (after age 10), or unspecified.
SPECIFIERS: Lack of remorse, with limited prosocial emotions, callous, unconcerned about performance, shallow or deficient affect.
Substance Use Disorder
SYMPTOMS: At least 2 of the following (use continues despite impaired functioning, physical danger, negative interpersonal consequences, tolerance, withdrawal, desire to reduce/quit, cravings, reduction of activities).
DURATION: At least 2 symptoms for 12 months.
ONSET: None.
SPECIFIER: Mild (2-3 symptoms), Moderate (4-5 symptoms) or Severe (6+ symptoms).
Characteristics of a Personality Disorder
Pattern of inner experiences and behavior that are inflexible and pervasive across multiple life domains. Deviates from client’s culture and can be traced to teenage/young adulthood.
Cluster A Personality Disorders
- Paranoid: mistrust, suspects others are exploitative/harmful
- Schizoid: detached from others, restricted affect, emotionally cold
- Schizotypal: discomfort with others, eccentric, ideas of reference, illusions, odd thinking, magical beliefs
Cluster B Personality Disorders
- Antisocial: violates/disregards others, lack of remorse
- Borderline: ideation/devaluation, unstable identity, reactive
- Histrionic: attention-seeking, shifting/shallow emotions, exaggerated emotional expression
- Narcissistic: grandiosity, arrogant, entitled, lacks empathy
Cluster C Personality Disorders
- Avoidant: socially inhibited, feels inadequate, hypersensitive to criticism
- Dependent: fears separation, overly dependent on others
- Obsessive-Compulsive: perfectionism, rigidity, inflexible beliefs/values, stubborn
