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DSM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the criteria for substance withdrawal

A
  1. Substance-specific syndrome development caused by reducing or ceasing substance use.
  2. The substance-specific syndrome causes distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
  3. A general medical condition does not cause the symptoms.

Note: Substance Withdrawal alone is not a diagnosis. See each substance.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics for (general) pain disorder

A
  1. Severe pain is paramount and calls for clinical attention.
  2. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
  3. Psychological factors play a key role in all aspects of the pain.
  4. Symptom or deficit not faked or purposefully produced.
  5. Neither Dyspareunia, nor any Mood, Anxiety, or Psychotic Disorder can explain the pain.

Note: Pain Disorder alone is not a diagnosis.

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3
Q

What are the criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A
  1. Either Inattention or Hyperactivity-impulsivity.
  2. Some impairment from item A symptoms appeared before age 7.
  3. Some symptomatic impairment appears in at least two settings.
  4. Obvious impairment in social, occupational, or academic functioning.
  5. Not solely during Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Schizophrenia, or other Psychotic Disorder.

Note: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder alone is not a diagnosis.

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4
Q

What are the cluster A personality disorders and state their commonalities

A

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

These individuals often appear odd or eccentric.

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5
Q

What are the characteristics for Vaginismus

A
  1. Spasms in the outer third of the vagina that interferes with sexual intercourse.
  2. Marked distress or interpersonal difficulty.
  3. Not due to a general medical condition.
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6
Q

Describe how traumatic event is reexperienced in acute stress disorder

A

Recurrence of at least one of the Following: Images

Thoughts

Dreams

Illusions

Flashbacks

A sense of reliving the experience.

Distress when reminded of the event.

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7
Q

What are the characteristics for narcolepsy

A
  1. Overpowering attacks of sleep for three or more months.
  2. One or both of the following :

Cataplexy.

Repeated elements of rapid eye movement in sleep.

  1. Not caused by a substance or a general medical condition
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8
Q

What are the other sleep disorders

A

Sleep Disorder Due to a General Medical Condition

Substance-Induced Sleep Disorder

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9
Q

What are the types of personality change due to a general medical condition

A

Labile Type: Affective lability.

Disinhibited Type: Poor impulse control.

Aggressive Type: Aggressive behavior.

Apathetic Type: Apathy and indifference.

Paranoid Type: Suspiciousness

Other Type.

Combined Type.

Unspecified Type.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics for factitious disorder with predominantly physical signs and symptoms

A
  1. Meets criteria for (General) Factitious Disorder.

2. Physical signs and symptoms predominate.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics for mood disorder due to general medical condition

A
  1. Prominent and persistent mood disturbance that includes either or both:

Depressed mood or decreased interest or pleasure in activities.

Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood.

  1. Physiological result of a general medical condition.
  2. Not solely during delirium.
  3. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
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12
Q

Describe the symptoms of aggression to people and animals for conduct disorder

A

Bullies, threatens, or intimidates.

Starts physical fights.

Has used a dangerous weapon.

Has been physically cruel to people.

Has been physically cruel to animals.

Has stolen from a victim.

Has forced sex on others.

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13
Q

What are the criteria for major depressive disorder, single episode

A
  1. Presence of one Major Depressive Episode.
  2. The episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder, and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
  3. No Manic Episode, Mixed Episode, Hypomanic Episode has ever occurred.
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14
Q

What are the criteria for major depressive disorder, recurren

A
  1. Presence of at least two Major Depressive Episodes.
  2. The episode is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder, and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
  3. No Manic Episode, Mixed Episode, or Hypomanic Episode has ever occurred
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15
Q

What are the criteria for acute stress disorder

A
  1. The individual experiences a traumatic event that includes both:

Participating, witnessing, or confronting an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury.

Intense fear, helplessness, or horror.

  1. During or afterwards, the person has at least three dissociative symptoms.
  2. Persistent reexperiencing of the event in at least one way.

Avoiding stimuli that recall the trauma.

Marked symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal.

Distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important functioning.

Occurs within four weeks of the trauma. Lasts at least 2 days and at most four weeks.

Not caused by a substance or a general medical condition.

Not simply a worsening of a preexisting Axis I or Axis II disorder.

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16
Q

What are the adjustment disorder subtypes

A

Adjustment Disorder With Depressed Mood

Adjustment Disorder With Anxiety

Adjustment Disorder With Mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood

Adjustment Disorder With Disturbance Of Conduct

Adjustment Disorder With Mixed Disturbance of Emotions and Conduct

Adjustment Disorder Unspecified

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17
Q

What are the criteria for social and/or occupational dysfunction for schizophrenia

A

For a significant portion of time since disturbance onset, at least one of the following major functioning areas is (are) markedly below pre-onset level:

Work.

Interpersonal relations.

Self-care.

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18
Q

What are the dyssomnias

A

Primary Insomnia

Primary Hypersomnia

Narcolepsy

Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

Dyssomnia Not Otherwise Specified

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19
Q

What are the characteristics for personality change due to a general medical condition

A
  1. Persistent personality disturbance that differs from a previous personality.
  2. Results from a general medical condition.
  3. Not solely during delirium.
  4. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
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20
Q

What are the characteristics for panic disorder with agoraphobia

A
  1. Both of the Following: Recurrent and unexpected Panic Attacks.

One or more of these symptoms follows the attacks for at least one month:

a persistent concern about more attacks

worry about implications or consequences of the attack

significant change in behavior resulting from the attacks

  1. Agoraphobia is present.
  2. Neither a substance nor a general medical condition accounts for the Panic Attacks.
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21
Q

What are the characteristics for sexual sadism

A
  1. For at least 6 months: sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that involve acts of psychological or physical suffering.
  2. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
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22
Q

What are the criteria for substance abuse

A
  1. Substance abuse with at least one of the following within a 12-month period:

Failure in work, school, home, or other major obligations.

Use of substance in physically dangerous situations.

Legal related to substance use.

Continued use despite consequent social and interpersonal problems.

  1. Symptoms never met for Substance Dependence for given substance class.
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23
Q

What are the criteria for substance dependence

A

Substance abuse with at least three of the following within a 12-month period.:

Tolerance.

Withdrawal.

Increased substance consumption.

Wish to reduce or limit substance use.

Obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance consumes considerable time.

Elimination or reduction of social, occupational, or recreational activities.

Substance use continues despite awareness of consequent problems.

Note: Substance Dependence alone is not a diagnosis. See each substance.

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24
Q

What are the criteria for bipolar I disorder, single manic episode

A
  1. One Manic Episode and no previous Major Depressive Episodes.
  2. The is not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and is not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder. or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
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25
Q

What are the mood episodes

A

Major Depressive Episode

Manic Episode

Mixed Episode

Hypomanic Episode

Note: Mood Episodes is not codable. See specific Mood Disorders.

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26
Q

What are the criteria for delusional disorder

A
  1. Nonbizarre delusions lasting at least one month.
  2. Item “A” for Schizophrenia never met.
  3. Functioning not impaired and behavior not odd or bizarre.
  4. If mood episodes occur with delusions, they have been brief relative to the delusional periods.
  5. Not caused by a substance or a general medical condition.
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27
Q

What are the symptoms for generalized anxiety disorder

A

At least three of the following symptoms, experienced for more days than not during the preceding 6 months:

Restlessness

Fatigue

Problems with concentration

Irritability

Muscle tension

Sleep disturbance.

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28
Q

What are the criteria for borderline personality disorder

A

Pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and impulsivity as indicated by at least five of the Following: Frenzied efforts to avoid abandonment.

Vacillating intense interpersonal relationships.

Identity disturbance.

Impulsiveness in two self-damaging areas.

Repeated suicidal behavior.

Affective instability.

Chronic feelings of emptiness

Inappropriate and intense anger.

Paranoid ideation or dissociatio

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29
Q

What are the criteria for schizoaffective disorder

A
  1. Uninterrupted period of illness that concurrently includes:

Symptoms meeting Item “A” for Schizophrenia, and either a Major Depressive Episode, a Manic Episode, or a Mixed Episode.

  1. Delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks with no prominent mood symptoms.
  2. Mood episode symptoms present for large portion of the entire duration of the disorder’s active and residual periods.
  3. Not caused by a substance or general medical condition.
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30
Q

What are the item “A” symptoms for major depressive episode

A

Depressed mood.

Decreased interest or pleasure in activities.

Significant variations in weight or appetite.

Insomnia or hypersomnia.

Psychomotor agitation or retardation.

Daily fatigue or energy loss.

Feelings of worthlessness or guilt.

Difficulties in concentration or decisiveness.

Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, plan or attempt.

31
Q

What are the characteristics for mixed episode

A
  1. Qualifies as both a Manic Episode and a Major Depressive Episode (excepting duration) nearly every day for a week or more.
  2. Impairs occupational functioning, social activities or relationships. May require hospitalization to prevent injury to self or others. May include psychotic features.
  3. Not due to a substance or a general medical condition.
32
Q

What are the item “B” symptoms for hypomanic episode

A

Inflated self-esteem.

Reduced need for sleep.

Unusually talkative.

Racing thoughts or flight of ideas.

Distractibility.

Psychomotor agitation or increase in goal-oriented activities.

Involvement in activities that give pleasure but are also likely to bring pain.

33
Q

What are the criteria for schizoid personality disorder

A
  1. Detachment from relationships, and a limited range of emotional expression as indicated by at least four of the Following: Doesn’t desire or enjoy close relationships.

Often selects solitary activities.

Little interest in sex with others.

Few activities give pleasure.

Doesn’t have close friends or confidants.

Apathetic to praise or criticism.

Demonstrates coolness or flattened affectivity.

  1. Not solely during Schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, another Psychotic Disorder or a Pervasive Developmental Disorder. Also not due to a general medical condition.
34
Q

What are the characteristics for schizotypal personality disorder

A
  1. Pattern of interpersonal and social deficiencies indicated by at least five of the Following: Ideas (excluding delusions) of reference.

Odd beliefs or magical thinking.

Unusual perceptions.

Odd speech or thought patterns.

Suspiciousness.

Inappropriate or limited affect.

Peculiar behavior or appearance.

No close friends

Extreme social anxiety.

  1. Not solely during schizophrenia, a Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, another Psychotic Disorder, or a Persuasive Developmental Disorder
35
Q

What are the characteristics for manic episode

A

At least one week of unusually and persistently expansive or irritable mood.

  1. At least three symptoms (4 if only irritable) have persisted during the disturbance,
  2. Not a Mixed Episode.
  3. Impairs occupational functioning, social activities or relationships. May require hospitalization to prevent injury to self or others. May include psychotic features.
  4. Not due to substance or a general medical condition.
36
Q

What are the cluster C personality disorders and state their commonalities

A

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Dependent Personality Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Personality Disorder not otherwise specified.

These individuals often appear anxious or fearful.

37
Q

What are the characteristics for bipolar I disorder, most recent episode manic

A
  1. Manic Episode is current or most recent.
  2. At least one previous Major Depressive Episode, Manic Episode, or Mixed Episode.
  3. Episodes in A and B are not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder. Neither are they superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
38
Q

What are the characteristics for bipolar I disorder, most recent episode depressed

A
  1. Major Depressive Episode is current or most recent.
  2. At least one previous Manic Episode or Mixed Episode.
  3. Episodes in A and B are not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder, and are not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
39
Q

What are the criteria for schizophrenia, paranoid type

A
  1. One or more prominent delusions or repeated auditory hallucinations.
  2. None of these is prominent:

Disorganized speech

Disorganized behavior

Catatonic behavior

Flat or inappropriate affect.

40
Q

What are the criteria for schizophrenia, residual type

A
  1. No prominent delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or catatonic or grossly disorganized behavior.
  2. A continuing disturbance, indicated by either negative symptoms or at least two item “A” active-phase symptoms (in attenuated form).
41
Q

What are the criteria for schizophrenia, catatonic type

A

At least two of the Following: Motoric immobility.

Purposeless or excessive motor activity.

Extreme negativism or mutism.

Odd voluntary movements or mannerisms.

Echolalia or echopraxia.

42
Q

What are the criteria for brief psychotic disorder

A

At least one of these symptoms:

Delusions

Hallucinations

Disorganized speech

Behavior that is grossly disorganized or catatonic

  1. Disturbance lasts from 1 day to less than 1 month with return to premorbid levels.
  2. Not better described by Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Schizophrenia. Also not due to a substance or a general medical condition.
43
Q

What are the criteria for mental retardation

A
  1. A significantly below average IQ (70 and below).
  2. Simultaneous deficits in present adaptive functioning in at least two key areas.
  3. Onset before 18 years of age.

Note: Mental Retardation alone is not a diagnosis.

44
Q

What are the criteria for antisocial personality disorder

A
  1. Since age 15, a disregard for and violation of others’ rights as indicated by at least three of the Following: Illegal Behavior.

Deceitfulness.

Impulsiveness.

Irritable and aggressive conduct.

Disregard for safety of others and self.

Irresponsible behavior.

Lack of remorse.

  1. The person is at least age 18 years.
  2. Conduct Disorder with onset prior to age 1
  4. Not solely during the course of Schizophrenia or a Manic Episode
45
Q

What are the characteristics for bipolar I disorder, most recent episode hypomanic

A

Hypomanic Episode is current or most recent. A previous Manic or Mixed Episode.

  1. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
  2. Neither A or B above are better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder. Neither are they superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
46
Q

What are the characteristics for major depressive episode

A

At least five symptoms, differing from previous functioning, present during a two week period. One of the symptoms must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.

  1. Not a Mixed Episode.
  2. The symptoms cause distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
  3. Not due to a substance or a general medical condition.
  4. Not Bereavement.
47
Q

What are the Item “B” symptoms for manic episode

A

Inflated self-esteem.

Reduced need for sleep.

Unusually talkative.

Racing thoughts or flight of ideas.

Distractibility.

Psychomotor agitation or increase in goal-oriented activities.

Involvement in activities that give pleasure but are likely to bring pain

48
Q

What are the criteria for oppositional defiant disorder

A
  1. Pattern of hostile and defiant behavior for at least 6 months, during which at least four symptoms were present.
  2. Impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
  3. Not exclusively during Psychotic or Mood Disorders.
  4. Criteria not met for Conduct Disorder, and, if age 18 years or older, criteria not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder.
49
Q

What are the characteristics for bipolar I disorder, most recent episode unspecified

A
  1. Other than duration, a Manic, Hypomanic, Mixed, or Major Depressive Episode is current and most recent.
  2. At least one previous Manic Episode or Mixed Episode.
  3. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
  4. Symptoms in A and B above are not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder. Neither are they superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
  5. Symptoms in A and B are not due to a substance or a general medical condition.
50
Q

What are the criteria for conduct disorder

A
  1. A repetitive and persistent pattern of violating major age-appropriate societal norms or the rights of others. Requires at least three symptoms in the past 12 months (at least one in the past 6 months):

Aggression to people and animals.

Destruction of property.

Deceitfulness or theft.

Serious violation of the rules.

  1. Impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.
  2. For individuals 18 years or older, criteria not met for Antisocial Personality Disorder.
51
Q

What are the criteria for a personality disorder

There are six criteria.

A
  1. Pattern of inner behavior and experience that distinctly deviates from cultural expectations in at least two of the following ways:

Cognition

Affectivity

Interpersonal functioning

Impulse control

  1. The pattern is inflexible and pervasive.
  2. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
  3. The pattern began in adolescence or early adulthood and is both stable and enduring.
  4. Not better accounted for as a result of another mental disorder.
  5. Not caused by a substance or a general medical condition.
52
Q

What are the (general) diagnostic categories for schizophreni

A
  1. Characteristic (Active-Phase) Symptoms
  2. Social and/or Occupational Dysfunction
  3. Duration Requirement
  4. Schizoaffective & Mood Disorder Exclusion
  5. Substance or General Medical Condition Exclusion
  6. Conditions Regarding Relationship to a Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Note: Schizophrenia alone is not a diagnosis.

53
Q

Describe the symptoms of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior for oppositional defiant disorder

A

Loses temper.

Argues with adults.

Does not comply with adults’ requests or rules.

Purposefully annoys people.

Blames others for their mistakes or misbehavior.

Readily annoyed by others.

Angry and resentful.

Spiteful and vindictive.

54
Q

What are the criteria for schizophrenia, disorganized type

A
  1. All of the following are manifest:

Disorganized speech.

Disorganized behavior.

Flat or inappropriate affect.

  1. Not Catatonic Type.
55
Q

What are the characteristics for bipolar I disorder, most recent episode mixed

A
  1. Mixed Episode is current or most recent.
  2. At least one previous Major Depressive Episode, Manic Episode, or Mixed Episode.
  3. Episodes in A and B are not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder and are not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
56
Q

Describe delirium, dementia, amnestic and other cognitive disorders

A

Delirium: consciousness disturbances and cognitive changes that develop in a brief period.

Dementia: a set of cognitive deficiencies that include memory impairment.

Amnestic disorder: memory impairment without other cognitive impairment.

Cognitive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

57
Q

Describe the symptoms of serious violations of rules for conduct disorder

A

Beginning before age 13, ignores parental prohibitions regarding staying out at night

Has run away from home, overnight at least twice or for a long duration once.

Beginning before age 13, skips school

58
Q

What are the criteria for duration requirements for schizophrenia

A

Continuous signs for at least 6 months.

At least 1 month meets item “A” active-phase symptoms.

May include periods of promodal or residual symptoms.

During promodal or residual signs may include only negative symptoms or at least two item “A” active-phase symptoms (in attenuated form).

59
Q

What are the characteristics for bipolar II disorder

A
  1. One or more Major Depressive Episodes.
  2. At least one Hypomanic Episode.
  3. Never a Manic or Mixed Episode.
  4. Items A and B are not better accounted for by Schizoaffective Disorder, and are not superimposed on Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, Delusional Disorder, or Psychotic Disorder Not Otherwise Specified.
  5. Distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important functioning.
60
Q

Disruptive Behavior Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

A

This category is for disorders characterized by conduct or oppositional defiant behaviors that do not meet the criteria for Conduct Disorder or Oppositional Defiant Disorder. For example, include clinical presentations that do not meet full criteria either for Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder, but in which there is clinically significant impairment.

61
Q

What duration of symptoms would you expect to see for a diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder

A

Two days to Four weeks

62
Q

What duration of symptoms would you expect with a diagnosis of Polysubstance Dependence?

A

What duration of symptoms would you expect with a diagnosis of Polysubstance Dependence?

63
Q

Which of the following criteria is not required for Bereavement

A

Hyper vigilance

64
Q

What duration of symptoms would you expect to see with a diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder?

A

No specific duration

65
Q

What duration of symptoms would you expect to see with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A

Six months

66
Q

Which of the following symptoms is not a criteria for Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS?

A

Difficulty concentrating

67
Q

What duration of symptoms would you expect to see with a diagnosis of Disruptive Behavior Disorder NOS?

A

No specific duration

68
Q

Some cases of obsessive compulsive disorder have been due to:

A

Childhood streptococcal infections

69
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder:

A

Is equally likely to occur in women and men

70
Q

Useful OCD treatment adjuncts include the use of:

A

Antipsychotic medication (ex. Zyprexa)

71
Q

All of the following are diagnostic criteria to define a compulsion except

A

To be diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, one must have either obsessions and/or compulsions. According to the DSM-IV, compulsions are defined by all of the following: Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting) that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly; and the behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive.

72
Q

Another effective treatment for OCD is:

A

Inositol

73
Q

Research has identified a strong link between OCD and:

A

There is some research demonstrating a link between drug addiction and obsessive compulsive disorder. There is a higher risk of drug addiction among those with any anxiety disorder (possibly as a way of coping with the heightened levels of anxiety), but drug addiction among obsessive compulsive patients may serve as a type of compulsive behavior and not just as a coping mechanism.

74
Q

All of the following demographical information is true about OCD except:

A

The age of onset of OCD usually ranges from mid-twenties in both genders

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