alerts Flashcards
Universal Precautions
AIDS
Primary Process
Freud
Medical Condition
Refer
Lithium
Bipolar
Legislation, policy statutes
Advocate
Emphasis on client
Rogerian
Intermittent Punishment
Extinction
Borderline
Supportive
Summary and Evaluation
Termination
short-term treatment
Brief Therapy
Homeostasis
Family Therapy
Drives and Defenses
Psycho-dynamic
psychodrama, skillful frustration, dream work empty chair
Gestalt Therapy
Dealing with beliefs
Cognitive Theory
first referral is an MD
Anxiety Disorders
Speed, effectiveness, time limited, and reality focused
Short-Term Therapy
2 Years old
Separation Anxiety
hazardous event, vulnerable state, precipitating factor, active crisis state, individual reintegrates and reaches equilibrium
Crisis Intervention
Reparative Therapy
aimed at changing homosexual orientation to heterosexual
working with groups or neighbors,enabling or empowering
Community Organizer
Time limited, resolution happens in less than 6 weeks
Crisis Intervention
Rapid change in situation
Crisis Intervention
Token economy
Behavior modification
Active Listening
Client-Centered Theory
Specificity, Successive Approximations, Modeling, Performance
Social Learning Theory
individuate, differentiate
Object Relations Theory
Paradoxical
Prescribing the Symptom
Planner or Policy writer
Allocating resources, planning procedures, writing policy
Disabled
Support systems - Piaget
nature vs. nurture
endogenous vs. environmental
Depression
Cognitive Behavioral therapy
Boundaries between systems
Family Therapy/Family Systems
flashback, nightmare, hypervigilant, trauma
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Immigrants
Ecological Systems Perspective
Separation Individuation
Mahler Object Relations Theory
Assessment
Cultural considerations - ethics
Suicide
Plan - means - isolation - report
Religion
Spiritual beliefs determine behavior
Develop
Piaget - Kohlberg - Psycho-sexual
Group Therapy
Take all issues to the group for
resolution
Runaway
Reasons - abuse - relationships with
parents
Fatigue
Physical examination - Depression Dysthymia
Abuse
Protential for more abuse- Protection of abused
Children
Evaluate interacting with family- play therapy
Obsessive
Medical examination - Delirium - drug
withdrawal
Sexuality
Intimacy concerns - family history -
expectations
Weight
Self concept - physical examination danger to life
Violence
Police involvement - legal involvement-safety for victim
Alcoholism
Medical referral - Therapy to increase
responsible behavior
Substance Abuse
Symptoms of addition - duration physical addition - support
Refferal
Establish rapport with client - Written release from the client
Divorce
Consideration of parents AND children grief - behavioral limits
Grief
People, places or things. Kubler-Ross
stages - potential for suicide
Single Parent
Support group - coping skills - work,
family, social responsibilities
Depression
Cognitive therapy - Substance abuse Suicide - Grieving- behavioral goals
Seniors
Abuse (physical, emotional, criminal) -
Support systems - health - finance
Adolescent
Who is the legal parent - school,
family, friends - age appropriate
behavior
Premarital Expectations
hidden agendas - family history - disengagement and enmeshment
Divorce
In a divorce, the needs of both the children and the parents should be considered.
Eatting Disorder
Referral for medical exam and adjunct
nutritional therapy is imperative with
eating disorders.
Violence
The counselor assesses the potential for violence, and notifies the authorities if threatened.
RELIGION
The counselor should be aware that the client’s religious beliefs may be determining behavior.
GRAVELY ILL OR DISABLED
Referral for physical/mental exam and perhaps hospitalization clients that are disabled or that are seriously ill.
DUTY TO WARN
When your client poses a danger to another, the law enforcement should be contacted, as well as the person who is
in danger
SINGLE PARENTS
Consider support groups for single
parents. Evaluate and improve coping
skills concerning family, work and
social responsibilities.
CHILD DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES
Age appropriateness of behaviors is a
consideration with children. Behaviors
are compared to developmental stages,
Piaget and Kohlberg.
SENIORS
Probe in respect to abuse (physical,
emotional, criminal). Examine their
support systems. How is their current
health affecting their quality of life?
CO-DEPENDENT
Co-dependents are frequently angry about the behaviors of significant others. This anger might be openly expressed or masked by depression or care taking behaviors.
Gay Issues
Gay clients might need to deal with family secrets, family and/or social support, adjustment, and identity. Suicidality has a higher rate among gays than the general population.
Children
Should be evaluated interacting with their families. Family sculpting is an effective technique. Play therapy can involve role play and objects such as doll families and sand trays.
Grief
Related to any loss, people, places or things. Kubler-Ross grief stages include Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. Always evaluate the client for any potential suicide.
REFERRALS
It is best to establish rapport and the client’s trust before making a referral. A written release from the client that you can refer the client is necessary before your contact another professional.
TESTING
The counselor uses appropriate and valid assessment instruments for which there has been adequate training. Ethics (adequate instruction, cultural sensitivity, etc.) testing is taken into consideration.
ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
When a case includes social or work impairment, an adjustment disorder should be considered. Also, when a client is reacting to a stressor in a maladaptive manner, this could be due to an adjustment disorder.
EMANCIPATION
A child becomes emancipated upon getting married (with parental consent) or joining the military. The emancipated child is incharge of his/her finances and legal affairs, and willingly lives apart from the parents.
FAMILIES
Family therapy often focuses on communication, roles, and rules, as they relate to the family structure/family system. Therapy can be multigenerational. Change can be effected through insight or more directive interventions.
OBS
What appears to be a personality disorder could be OBS. Organic Brain Syndrome may involve unusual affect, amnesia, dementia, delusions, hallucinations, and delirium. Also consider withdrawal from substances may be related to OBS.
PARENTING
Parenting issues frequently revolved around communication skills and methods of child discipline. Exploration of each spouses childhood clarifies parental interjections and reason for current beliefs and expectations regarding parenting.
ALCOHOLISM
Calls for a medical referral. Counseling goals -increase of responsible behaviors. Family and peer coalitions that maintain maladaptive behaviors should be explored and resolved. Multigenerational histories can be examined in relation to alcohol issues.
CRISIS INTERVENTIONS
The facilitation of catharsis often begins in crisis interventions. The counselor helps the client in crisis to focus on the problem. The goal of crisis intervention is usually to help the person reach the level of functioning they had before the crisis.
DEPRESSION
What is the possibility of substance abuse and/or suicidality. Is the client grieving? Behavioral goals are set, including scheduling the client's time. Cognitive work is done, including plans to improve the quality of life that will increase hopefulness.
SEXUALITY
Explore intimacy issues. Cognitive-behavioral techniques including Masters and Johnson's sensate focus exercises. Examine the effects of family histories and personal experiences upon sexual development and expectations. Refer for medical exam when appropriate.
PREMARITAL
Before engaging a counselor, clients should understand (via verbal and/or written communication) their rights regarding confidentiality, risks, counseling procedures, and treatment goals. The client should know their rights concerning termination and leaving therapy.
ETHNIC
Be aware of ethnic stereotypes and culture-specific values. The more the counselor knows about the client's culture, the easier it will be to perceive the world from the client's perspective. Sometimes it is advisable to refer the client to another counselor with a more similar culture.
ADOLESCENTS
Adolescent clients warrant the evaluation of school records, peer groups, and age appropriateness of behaviors. Their family interactions are significant, especially their experiences of being parented. The counselor should know who is legally responsible for the adolescent (parent or guardian).
PRIVILEGE
Generally, adults hold privilege regarding counseling information, except in the case of possible danger to self or others. Children do not have a legal right to privilege, but counselors should work out some type of agreement as to the kinds of information will be divulged to parents or school.
ANOREXIA
A medical referral and medical adjunct care is essential with anorexia. A personal and family history should be taken. Clients with anorexia usually have a problem with, and need to, increase their sense of self-worth. They also need to improve their communication skills and emotional expression.
SUICIDE
Assess the suicidality of the client. Does the client have a plan and the means? Is the client isolated? Privilege is violated if the counselor believes the client is a danger to self. Arrange a no-suicide plan that involves the client, counselor, friends and family. Plans for the future are emphasized.
RUNAWAY
With a runaway, the counselor explores the reasons for running away. What kind of relationship does the child have with the parents/guardian? Has there been abuse? The child should be seen alone as well as with the parents. Consider the advisability of referral for foster placement or a protective agency.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Take steps to protect the client. Inform client of of community resources. Suspected child abuse and elder abuse reported to the authorities within 24 hours. An oral report should be followed by a written report. Abusive parents should be informed of their legal rights, but the child must be removed from their care.
COUPLES
Premarital counseling explores the stated and previously unstated reasons for marrying. Note the couple's communication patterns and any associated dysfunctions. Issues related to families of origin include the levels of differentiation each person demonstrates. Beliefs and expectations concerning marriage are probed.
