DSA: Nutrition And Digestion

Question 1

__________ can serve as a source of energy because its energy content is 7kcal/g, which is higher than that of carbs and proteins

Answer 1

Ethanol

Question 2

__________ are found n food sources and are derivatives of major enzyme cofactors

Answer 2

Vitamins

Question 3

__________ are trace elements that are also important enzymatic cofactors

Answer 3

Minerals

Question 4

What substances does saliva (amylase) digest?

Answer 4

Starch

Question 5

What substances does gastric juice (pepsin and HCl) digest?

Answer 5

Proteins

Question 6

What substances does pancreatic juice (trypsin, lipases, and amylase) digest?

Answer 6

Proteins
Fats emulsified by bile
Starch

Question 7

What substances do intestinal enzymes (peptidases, sucrase, Lactase and maltase digest?

Answer 7

Peptides
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 8

What substances does bile from the liver digest?

Answer 8

Fat globules

Question 9

What is vitamin A also known as and what is it derived from?

Answer 9

Retinol derived from beta-carotene

Question 10

What is the active form of vitamin D and where is it made?

Answer 10

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol -> made in kidney

Question 11

What vitamin is responsible for eye health?

Answer 11

Vitamin A

Question 12

What vitamin is a lipophilic antioxidant?

Answer 12

Vitamin E

Question 13

What vitamin is responsible for Ca2+ absorption?

Answer 13

Vitamin D

Question 14

NAD from _______ is involved in many oxidoreductase reactions

Answer 14

Niacin

Question 15

What vitamin is deficient in alcoholics?

Answer 15

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Question 16

What is the functional form of Vitamin 1 (thiamine)?

Answer 16

TPP

Question 17

What disease is associated with vitamin C deficiency?

Answer 17

Scurvy

Question 18

What disease is associated with thiamin deficiency?

Answer 18

Beriberi

Question 19

What disease is from niacin deficiency?

Answer 19

Pellagra

Question 20

What disease is from biotin deficiency?

Answer 20

Conjunctiva

Question 21

What disease is from a folate or vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 21

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 22

A choline deficiency can result in damage to which organ?

Answer 22

Liver

Question 23

What disease is from a vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 23

Rickets

Question 24

Where is vitamin D2 converted to vitamin D3?

Answer 24

Intestine

Question 25

Where is 7-dehydrocholesterol converted to vitamin D3?

Answer 25

Skin

Question 26

Where is cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) converted to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol?

Answer 26

Liver

Question 27

What enzymes does warfarin inhibit in the vitamin K pathway?

Answer 27

Vitamin K reductase used to convert vitamin K phylloquinone -> vitamin K hydroquinone (active) Vitamin K epoxide reductase used to convert vitamin K epoxide -> vitamin K phylloquinone

Question 28

When problems with digestion occur, such as when bile contains too much cholesterol and too little bile salt and the cholesterol hardens into gallstones, what vitamins can you expect to be deficient?

Answer 28

Fat soluble vitamins