Correlation Boxes Flashcards
What disease is indicated by elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood?
Bone disease
What disease is indicated by elevated levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-5) in the blood?
Obstructive liver disease
What disease is indicated by elevated levels of acid phosphatase in the blood?
Prostatic cancer
What disease is indicated by elevated levels of amylase in the blood?
Acute pancreatitis
What disease is indicated by elevated levels of aldolase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood?
Muscular dystrophy
What disease is indicated by elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or CK-MM isoform of creatine kinase in the blood?
Liver disorder
Why do sulfa drugs only affect bacteria?
Because humans acquire folate as a vitamin from their diet
________ effect = aerobic conditions suppressing glycolysis
Pasteur
Many cancers exhibit increased rates of glycolysis even in presence of O2. This is know as the ________ effect
Warburg
What sugar is a 4C sugar, an artificial sweetener, is hard to metabolize giving little energy and doesnt cause tooth decay?
Erythritol
What sugar s a 5C sugar, a natural sweetener, low glycemic index, and causes no tooth decay?
Xylitol
What sugar is a sugar alcohol used for energy storage by microorganisms and plants, used to treat trauma and kidney failure, can make blood brain barrier permeable to drugs, and can be used to treat cystic fibrosis when inhaled?
Mannitol
What sugar is used as a sweetener in chewing gum, tooth paste and mouthwash and can be used as a laxative?
Sorbitol
Increased cholesterol in bile with little bile salt leads to what?
Gallstones
When cholesterol levels are too high, what type of vitamins can become deficient?
Fat-soluble
The oxidizing environment for formation of disulfide bonds does not exist where and why>
Cytoplasm -> because of the high concentration of glutathione.
- Occurs in the RER
A ________ nitrogen balance means nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion. This coincides with situations n which protein is being synthesized such as in growing children, pregnant women, and patients recovering from surgery or traumatic injury.
Positive
A _________ nitrogen balance means nitrogen loss exceeds nitrogen intake and coincides with situations in which issue is being degraded such as in patients suffering from malnutrition or starvation, third degree burns, and cachexia (muscle wasting) due to terminal cancer
Negative
What does the rate at which a reaction proceeds depend on?
The enzyme that catalyzes the reaction
What are metalloenzymes inhibited by?
Chelating agents -> they bind to and remove the metals from their metalloenzymes
Ex. EDTA
What is the treatment for lead poisoning?
Ca-EDTA -> Pb has a higher affinity for EDTA than calcium so it displaces Ca2+ from EDTA creating Pb-EDTA which is excreted in the urine
What condition is a rare autosomal condition that is caused by mutation in GLUT2 transporter located in hepatocytes, pancreatic beta cells, enterocytes and renal tubular cells and leads to impaired transport of glucose, galactose and fructose?
Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome
- Treatment = vitamin D and phosphate to treat rickets and indigestion of uncooked corn starch to provide a sustained supply of glucose
What disease is characterized by defective GlcNAc-PT gene, where instead of the M6P proteins being targeted to the lysosomes they are secreted and can be detected in circulation?
Inclusion Cell (I-cell) disease
What disease is characterized by a cancer of the blood and bone marrow marked by a buildup of immature white blood cells and is linked with the presence of PML-RARgamma, where RML-RARgamma acts to repress the transcription of certain genes and prevent cell differentiation resulting in the accumulation of immature promyelocytes?
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
