DSA: Intro to Neuro Flashcards
Above the midbrain:
- Anterior =
- Posterior =
- Superior =
- Inferior =
- Anterior = Rostral
- Posterior = Caudal
- Superior = Dorsal
- Inferior = Ventral
Below the midbrain:
- Anterior =
- Posterior =
- Superior =
- Inferior =
- Anterior = Ventral
- Posterior = Dorsal
- Superior = Rostral
- Inferior = Caudal
Divides the body or an organ into left and right sides =?
– produces equal halves = ?
– produces unequal halves = ?
Sagittal Plane Definition
- Midsagittal plane
- Parasagittal plane
(be able to locate structures in all the planes)
Frontal/Coronal Plane Definition
Divides the body or an organ into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions
Transverse (cross-sectional) or Horizontal plane Definition
Divides the body or an organ into upper (superior) or lower (inferior) portions
Structures in the Central Nervous System
The Central Nervous System (CNS) is defined
as anything that is located within the cranial vault (skull) or vertebral column. This includes the:
– Spinal Cord
– Brain
• Brainstem
• Cerebellum
• Cerebral cortex
Structures in the Peripheral Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is defined as anything that leaves the cranial vault (skull) or vertebral column and goes out into the periphery. Examples of the peripheral nervous system include:
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
- Dorsal root ganglia
- Sensory receptors
- Autonomic ganglia
- Enteric plexus
Occurring on the opposite side of brain or body to which a particular structure or condition occurs
Contralateral (be able to give examples)
Occurring on the same side of the body or brain
Ipsilateral (be able to give examples)
White Matter
- Made up of ?
- Is divided into ?
- Made up of AXONS
- Is divided into an anterior column, a dorsal column, and a lateral column
Gray Matter
- Made up of?
- Is shaped like the letter ? and is divided into ?
- Made up of CELL BODIES of neurons and glial cells
- shaped like the letter “H” and is divided into:
• ventral (anterior) horn: location of cell bodies for lower motor neurons
• lateral horn: only found between T1-L2 and contains presynaptic sympathetic neurons
• dorsal (posterior) horn: location of sensory neurons
A bundle of myelinated axons that travel together in the central nervous system is called a ?
- These are examples of ?
– Tract, lemniscus, fasciculus, column, peduncle, bundle or capsule
– These are all examples of WHITE matter
Areas of the central nervous system that contain groups of cell bodies are called ?
- These are examples of ?
– Nuclei – Basal Ganglia – Thalamus – Cortex (surface of the brain) – These are examples of GRAY matter
Areas of the peripheral nervous system that contain groups of cell bodies are called
- This is an example of ?
Ganglia
- This is an example of GRAY matter
The cerebral cortex is divided into lobes:
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
The cerebral cortex is composed of ? and ?
gyri (bumps) and sulci (grooves)
The large groove between the frontal and parietal lobes.
Central sulcus
Between the temporal lobe inferiorly and the frontal and parietal lobes superiorly.
Lateral sulcus
An imaginary line between the ? (seen on the sagittal section) and the ? will separate the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes.
- parietooccipital sulcus
- preoccipital notch
Rostral or anterior to the central sulcus is the ? which is the primary motor cortex
precentral gyrus
Posterior or caudal to the central sulcus is the ? which is the primary somatosensory cortex
postcentral gyrus
The brainstem is composed of the ?, ?, and ? working from superior to inferior respectively.
midbrain, pons, and medulla,
- On the ventral side of the midbrain, the ? and CN ? are major features.
- On the dorsal side of the midbrain the ? and ? and CN ? can be seen
- cerebral peduncles and CN III
- superior and inferior colliculus and CN IV
The main feature of the pons is?
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
- Major features of the ventral medulla are the ? and the ?
- CN ?, ?, and ? can also be seen on
the ventral surface.
- pyramids and the olives.
- CN XI, X, and XII
The diencephalon contains the ?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- epithalamus
- the eyes.
Cranial Nerves exiting the brainstem: • Midbrain – • Pons – • Pontomedullary junction – • Medulla – • Spinal Cord –
- Midbrain = CN III and IV
- Pons = CN V
- Pontomedullary junction = CN VI, VII, and VIII
- Medulla = CN IX,X andXII
- Spinal Cord = CN XI
Cranial Nerve Nuclei Locations
- Midbrain
• Midbrain
- CN III
- GSE: Oculomotornucleus
- GVE: Edinger-Westpahlnucleus
- CN IV: Trochlear nucleus
Cranial Nerve Nuclei Locations
- Pons
• Pons
- CN V
- GSA: Mesencephalic nucleus of V (proprioception)
- GSA: Principal sensory nucleus of V (discriminative touch)
- GSA:Spinal nucleus of V (pain and temperature)
- SVE: Motor nucleus of V
- CN VI : Abducens nucleus
- CNVII
- SVE: Motor nucleus of VII
- GVE: Superior salivatory nucleus - CN VIII
- Posterior (dorsal) cochlear nucleus and anterior (ventral) cochlear nucleus
- Superior, lateral, medial, and inferior vestibular nuclei
Cranial Nerve Nuclei Locations
- Medulla
- CN VIII
- Posterior (dorsal) cochlear nucleus and anterior (ventral) cochlear nucleus
- Superior, lateral, medial, and inferior vestibular nuclei
- CN IX
- SVE: Nucleus ambiguus
- GVE: Inferior salivatory nucleus
- CN X
- SVE: Nucleus ambiguus
- GVE:Dorsal motor of vagus
- CN XII : Hypoglossal nucleus
Cranial Nerve Nuclei Locations
- CN XI: Spinal cord segments C1-C5
