Dry Room 1

Question 1

What is the mediastinum subdivided into?

Answer 1

• Superior and Inferior mediastinum

- Inferior mediastinum is subdivided into Anterior, Middle and Posterior mediastinum

Question 2

What bone forms the anterior border of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 2

Sternal angle

Question 3

Which vertebrae forms the posterior border of the superior mediastinum?

Answer 3

T4

Question 4

What plane separates the superior from the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 4

Transverse plane

Question 5

What is contained in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 5

-Thymus gland

Question 6

What is contained in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 6

• Heart
• Pericardium
• The great vessels

Question 7

What is contained in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 7

1. Descending aorta
2. Oesophagus
3. Thoracic duct
4. Azygos vein
5. Sympathetic chain

Question 8

What is the difference to layers of the heart? (Pericardium has paritetal and visceral (Serous) layer, so does pleura covering the lungs and periotoneum covering abdomen)

Answer 8

Additionally to the two serous membranes, the heart has an outermost thick, fibrous connective tissue layer= FIBROUS PERICARDIUM

Question 9

What is the epicardium of the heart also known as?

Answer 9

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 10

What comes in between the parietal layer of serous pericardium and visceral layer of serous pericardium?

Answer 10

Pericardial cavity

Question 11

What comes after the parietal layer of serous pericardium?

Answer 11

FIBROUS PERICARDIUM

Question 12

What are cardiac veins?

Answer 12

Veins which leave cardiac muscle cells and drain into the right atrium through the CORONARY SINUS.

Question 13

Name the cardiac veins,

Answer 13

1. Great cardiac vein.
2. Small cardiac vein (on top of Right coronary artery, present anteriorly and posteriorly)
3. Middle cardiac vein
4. Posterior cardiac vein
5. Anterior cardiac vein

Question 14

What vein doesn’t join into the coronary sinus?

Answer 14

Anterior cardiac vein, instead it drains deoxygenated blood directly into the right atrium

Question 15

Which cardiac veins are posterior only?

Answer 15

Middle cardiac vein, posterior cardiac vein( left atrium_

Question 16

Which cardiac veins are anterior only?

Answer 16

Anterior cardiac vein

Question 17

Name the coronary arteries of the heart.

Answer 17

1. 2 main coronary arteries are the Right coronary artery and Left Coronary Artery
2. Right coronary artery divides into Right posterior descending artery and Acute Marginal Artery
3. Left Coronary Artery divides into Circumflex coronary artery and Left Anterior Descending coronary Artery

Question 18

Nam the three layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep

Answer 18

Superficial - fibrous pericardium
Intermediate- Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Deep- Visceral layer of serous pericardium/Epicardium

Question 19

Where does the pericardial cavity lie?

Answer 19

Between the visceral layer of serous pericardium(deep) and parietal layer of serous pericardium (intermediate)

Question 20

What is the heart WALL composed of?

Answer 20

• Endocardium
• Myocardium
• Epicardium

Question 21

What is the endocardium made of?

Answer 21

-Single layer of simple epithelium

Question 22

What is the myocardium made of?

Answer 22

-MANY layers of cardiac muscle

Question 23

What is the epicardium made of?

Answer 23

-Single layer of simple epithelium

Question 24

Which layer belongs simultaneously to the heart wall and the serous pericardium?

Answer 24

Epicardium.

Question 25

Which layer of the serous pericardium is inseparably attached to the inner aspect of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 25

-parietal layer of serous pericardium

Question 26

What is the protective role of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 26

• Fibrous pericardium is attached to the diaphragm.
• Protects from infection
• Prevents hyperinflation