drugs with their classes Flashcards
1
Q
morphine
heroin
hydromorphone
oxymorphone
codeine
hydrocodone
oxycodone
meperidine
fentanyl
methadone
propoxyphene
A
opioids
2
Q
What are the three classes of opioids? what drugs are in each class?
A
Morphine-Like (morphine, heroin, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone)
Meperidine-Like (meperidine, fentanyl)
Methadone-Like (methadone, propoxyphene)
3
Q
morphine
A
morphine like
4
Q
heroin
A
morphine like opioid
5
Q
hydromorphone
oxymorphone
A
morphine like
6
Q
codeine
A
morphine like opioids
7
Q
hydrocodone
A
morphine like opioids
8
Q
oxycodone
A
morphine like opioids
9
Q
meperidine
A
meperidine like opioid
10
Q
fentanyl
A
meperidine like opioid
11
Q
methadone
A
methadone like opioid
12
Q
propoxyphene
A
methadone like opioid
13
Q
What are the opioid agonists-antagonists
A
butorphanol
pentazocine
buprenorphine
14
Q
butorphanol
A
opioid agonist antagonist
15
Q
pentazocine
A
opioid agonist antagonist
16
Q
buprenorphine
A
opioid agonist antagonist
17
Q
Binds to a pain receptor but causes a weaker pain response than a full ____
Mu, Kappa, delta receptors must be receptive to drugs; mu is most important (morphine)
not used as a first line analgesic
can cause respiratory depression but not usually as bad
Headaches, nausea
increased cardiac workload
A
agonist
agonist antagonist pharmacologic action
18
Q
Respiratory depression (limited)
Sedation, dizziness, lightheadedness, drowsiness
Headache
Nausea
Increased cardiac workload with butorphanol and pentazocine
Abstinence syndrome – have withdrawal (less severe than opioid dependent)
A
agonists antagonists adverse effects
19
Q
Measure baseline vital signs
Ask about opioid usage
Monitor respirations, if < 12 withhold medication and stimulate breathing
Fall precautions
Consider recommending an alternative if N/V doesn’t resolve
Do not administer to patients with myocardial infarction or cardiac insufficiency
A
agonists-antagonists interventions
20
Q
IM, IV or intranasally
Pentazocine (Talwin) is only given orally
Measure baseline vital signs before administration and monitor throughout therapy, hold if resp rate < 12
Have naloxone (Narcan) and resuscitation equipment available (hard to reverse respiratory depression)
For intranasal administration, give one spray and repeat every 60-90 minutes as needed
For preop IM administration, give 60-90 minutes before surgery
Monitor therapeutic effects
Do not discontinue abruptly
A
agonist antagonists administration
21
Q
only use wen needed and for short a term as possible
don’t want them operating heavy machinery or tasks that require alterneess until we know how the drug works with them
fall precautions
change possibitions gradually when standing us rising
report a worsening headache
tell then to lie down when feeling nauseated
should not use this drug for chest pain because of increased cardiac output that the drug will require
do not add opioids unless the doctor has approved it
A
agonists-antagonists patient instructions
22
Q
Analgesic, Antiinflammatory and Antipyretic Activity
Also for headaches, myalgia, neuralgia, arthralgia, postoperative pain
Relief of pain with rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gout, hyperuricemia
A
NSAIDS - Indications
23
Q
What are the NSAIDS?
A
Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Indomethacin
Ketorolac
24
Q
GI tract
Heartburn to GI Bleeding
Acute Renal Failure (especially if dehydrated)
Due to disruption of prostaglandin function
NSAIDS block protective effects of COX-1 on the kidneys
Reye’s Syndrome
Salicylism
A
NSAIDS - Adverse Effects
25
Monitor for signs of bleeding
Test for and treat Helicobacter pylori infection
Recommend a proton pump inhibitor during NSAID therapy
Monitor I & O, BUN and Creatinine
Monitor for salicylism
With long term use of non-aspirin NSAIDS: Monitor for signs of embolic event
Recommend low dose aspirin to prevent embolic events
NSAIDS -Interventions
26
Aspirin
nsaid (cox 1)
27
Ibuprofen
nsaid (cox 1)
28
Naproxen
nsaid (cox 1)
29
Indomethacin
nsaid (cox 1)
30
Ketorolac
nsaid (cox 1)
31
Celecoxib
nsaid cox 2
32
What is the centrally acting nonopioid ?
tramadol
33
tramadol
centrally acting nonopioid prototype
34
Binds to selected opioid receptors and blocking reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in the central nervous system
Centrally Acting Nonopioid – Expected Pharmacologic Actions
35
Sedation, dizziness
Headache, N/V, constipation
Respiratory depression (rare)
Seizures (rare) – avoid taking if have a history of seizures
Urinary retention
centrally acting nonopioid -adverse effects
36
Fall precautions
Give lowest effective dose possible; short term
Give with food
Antiemetic if N/V occur frequently
Baseline vitals, monitor respirations
Administer _______ antagonist if needed to restore respiratory rate
Monitor for signs of seizure activity
Monitor for urinary retention
Centrally Acting Nonopioid - Interventions
37
do not give prior to driving or necessary mental alertness
dizziness: sit or lie down when you feel dizzy
change position gradually
increase fluid and fiber intake, exercise to prevent constipation
take only when needed, and for short term
report urinary retention
Centrally Acting Nonopioid – Patient Instructions
38
Acute intoxication with alcohol, opioids and psychotropic drugs
Seizure disorders
Respiratory depression
Children younger then 16 years old
Centrally Acting Nonopioid - Contraindications
39
Treat the hyperuricemia (increased uric in blood) that causes
gout
Treat hyperuricemia that occurs secondary to:
Cancer chemotherapy
Blood dyscrasias
Uricosurics - Indications
40
What are the uricosurics?
allopurinol
febuxostat
probenecid
41
febuxostat
uricosurics
42
allopurinol
uricosurics
43
probenecid
uricosurics
44
What are the glucocorticoids?
prednisone
hydrocortisone
methylprednisolone
45
prednisone
glucocorticoid
46
hydrocortisone
glucocorticoid
47
methylprednisolone
glucocorticoid
48
what are the benzodiazepines?
diazepam
alprazolam
lorazepam
temazepam
49
What is the nonbenzodiaepine anxiolytics?
buspirone
50
What is the nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic?
buspirone
51
zolpidem
nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic/sedative
52
buspirone
nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic
53
-pam
or alprazolam
benzodiazepines
54
zaleplon
new class of hypnotic,
benzo like medication
sedative/hypnotics
55
eszopiclone
benzodiazepine like medication
hypnotic
56
suvorexant
- sedative hypnotic (non Benzo)
57
What are the traditional antiepileptics?
phenytoin
carbamazepine
valproic acid
(remember PCV)
58
phenytoin
traditional antiepileptics
59
carbamazepine
traditional antiepileptics
60
valproic acid
traditional antiepileptics
61
what are the newer antiepileptics (anticonvulsants)?
lamotrigine
oxcarbazepine
topiramate
gabapentin
(remember LOT, G)
62
lamotrigine
newer antiepileptics
63
oxcarbazepine
newer antiepileptics
64
topiramate
newer antiepileptics
65
gabapentin
newer antiepileptics
66
What are the SSRI's?
paroxetine
fluoxetine
sertraline
67
paroxetine
SSRI
68
fluoxetine
SSRI
69
sertraline
SSRI
70
What are the SNRIs?
Duloxetine
venlafaxine
71
mirtazapine
tetracycline antidepressant
72
duloxetine
SNRI
73
venlafaxine
SNRI
74
What are the TCA antidepressants?
Imipramine
clomipramine
Amitriptyline
mirtazapine
75
imipramine
TCA antidepressant
76
clomipramine
TCA antidepressant
77
amitriptyline
TCA antidepressant
78
What are the MAOIs?
phenelzine
79
phenelzine
MAOI
80
what are the local anesthetics?
xylocaine
novocaine
81
xylocaine
local anesthetic
82
novocaine
local anesthetic
83
What are the parenteral anesthetics?
Diprivan (propofol)
84
Diprivan
Parenteral anesthetics
85
What are the rapid acting insulins?
insulin lispro
glulisine
aspart
86
insulin lispro
rapid acting insulin
87
glulisine
rapid acting insulin
88
What is the short acting insulin?
regular insulin
89
regular insulin
short acting insulin
90
What are the intermediate acting insulins?
NPH
91
What are the long actin insulins?
insulin glargine
insulin detemir
92
insulin glargine
long acting insulin
93
insulin detemir
long acting insulin
94
what are the biguanides?
metformin
95
metformin
biguanide
96
what are the sulfonyureas?
glipizide
glyburide
97
glipizide
sulfonyurea (antidiabetic medication)
98
glyburide
sulfonyurea (antidiabetic)
99
what are the glinides?
repaglinide (antidiabetic med)
100
repaglinide
glinide (antidiabetic med)
101
what are the thiazolidinediones?
(glitazones)
pioglitazone
102
pioglitazone
thiazolidinedione or glitizones (antidiabetic med)
103
what are the alpha-glucosidases?
acarbose
104
acarbose
alpha-glucosidase
105
what are the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (gliptins)?
sitagliptin
106
stigaliptin
dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (gliptins)
107
glucagon
hyperglycemic agent
108
What are the hyperglycemic agents?
50% dextrose
glucagon
109
levothyroxine
medications for hypothyrodisim
110
what are the medications for hypothyroidism?
levothyroxine
111
what are the antithyroid medications?
PTU
methimazole
radioactive iodine
112
PTU
antithyroid medication, treats hyperthyroidism
113
methimazole
antithyroid medication, treats hyperthyroidism
114
radioactive iodine
antithyroid medication, treats hyperthyroidism
115
What are the urinary tract antiseptics?
nitrofurantoin
nalidixic acid
methenamine
116
nitrofurantoin
urinary tract antiseptic
117
nalidixic acid
urinary tract antiseptic
118
methenamine
urinary tract antiseptic
119
what are the anticholinergic incontinence drugs?
oxybutynin
darifenacin
solifenacin
tolterodine
120
oxybutynin
anticholinergic incontinence drug
121
darifenacin
anticholinergic incontinence drug
122
solifenacin
anticholinergic incontinence drug
123
tolterodine
anticholinergic incontinence drug
124
what is the cholinergic drugs?
bethanochol
125
what are the penicillins?
penicillin
penicillin G and V
ampicillin
{Zosyn, timentin, augmentin, Unasyn all have penicillin too}
126
zosyn
timentin
augmentin
unasyn
all are penicillins
127
what are the cephalosporins?
cephalexin
128
cephalexin
is a cephalosporin
129
What are the monobactams?
Aztreonam [an antibiotic]
130
Aztreonam
monobactam antibiotic
131
What are the carbapenems?
end in ------penem
imipenem and meropenem
132
imipenem and meropenem
carbapenem antibiotics
133
vancomycin
antibiotic
134
what are the tetracyclines?
doxycycline minocycline
135
doxycyclin
tetracycline antibiotic
136
minocycline
tetracycline antibiotic
137
What are the macrolides?
Erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
138
erythromycin
macrolide antibiotic
139
azithromycin
macrolide antibiotic
140
clarithromycin
macrolide antibiotic
141
what are the aminoglycosides?
gentamicin
often end in -mycin or -micin
142
What are the fluoroquinolones?
end in -floxacin
ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin
143
ciprofloxacin
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
144
levofloxacin
fluoroquinolone antibiotic
145
what are the two types of antiparastitics and what are they used for?
metronidazole -protozoan infections
chloroquine -to treat malaria
146
iodoquinol
tinidazole
antiparasticis
147
primaquine
quinine
antiparasitics, antimalarial
148
what are the antifungal medications?
Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Itraconazole (Sporanox)
Miconazole (Monistat)
Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
amphotericin B
Nystatin
149
Ketoconazole
antifungal medication
150
Itraconazol
antifungal medication
151
Miconazole
antifungal medication
152
Clotrimazole
antifungal medication
153
amphotericin B
antifungal medication
154
What are the antivirals?
acyclovir
ganciclovir
interferon alfa -2b
oseltamiver
ribavirin
155
Acyclovir
– treats herpes simplex and herpes zoster
156
Ganciclovir
– treats cytomegalovirus (CMV)
157
Interferon alfa
– treats hepatitis B and C
158
Oseltamiver
– treats influenza
159
Ribavirin
– treats respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
160
What the antihistamines for respiratory?
First generation
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
Second Generation
Loratadine (Claritin)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Desloratadine (Clarinex
161
diphenhydramine
first gen antihistamine
162
promethazine
first gen antihistamine
163
dimenhydrinate
first generation antihistamine
164
lortatdine
second gen antihistamine
165
cetirizine
second gen antihistamine
166
fexofenadine
second gen antihistamine
167
desloratadine
second generation antihistamine
168
what are the nasal decongestants?
phenylephrine
ephedrine
naphazoline
pseudoephedrine
169
phenylephrine
nasal decongestant
170
ephedrine
nasal decongestant
171
naphazoline
nasal decongestant
172
psudoephedrine
nasal decongestant
173
oxymetazoline
alpha adrenergic agonist, decongestant
174
anticholinergic nasal decongestants
ipatropium
175
ipatropium
anticholinergic nasal decongestant
176
corticosteroid nasal spray
fluticasone propionate nasal decongestant
177
fluticasone propionate nasal decongestant
corticosteroid nasal spray
178
what are the antitussives?
codeine
dextromethorphan
benzonatate
diphenhydramine
179
codeine
antitussive
180
dextromethorphan
antitussive
181
benzonatate
antitussive
182
diphenhydramine
antitussive
183
What are the expectorants?
guaifenesin
184
guaifenesin
expectorant
185
What are the mucolytics?
acetylcystine
hypertonic saline
186
acetylcystine
mucolytic
187
hypertonic saline
mucolytic
188
What are the beta 2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators?
albuterol
levabuterol
formoterol
salmeterol
terbutaline
189
albuterol
beta 2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators
190
levabuterol
beta 2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators
191
formoterol
beta 2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators
192
salmeterol
beta 2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators
193
terbutaline
beta 2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators
194
What are the anticholinergic bronchodilators?
ipatropium
tiotropium
195
ipatropium
anticholinergic bronchodilators
196
tiotropium
anticholinergic bronchodilators
197
What are the xanthine bronchodilators?
theophylline
methylxanthines
198
theophylline
xanthine bronchodilator
199
methylxanthines
xanthine bronchodilator
200
What are the non bronchodilating respiratory medication classes?
leukotriene receptor antagonists
mast cell stabilizers
corticosteroids/glucocorticosteroids
201
What are the bronchodilator medication classes?
beta adrenergic agonists
anticholinergics
xanthines
202
What are the leukotriene non bronchodilating respiratory medications?
montelukast
zafirlukast
zileuton
203
montelukast
leukotriene non bronchodilating respiratory medication
204
zafirlukast
leukotriene non bronchodilating respiratory medication
205
zileuton
leukotriene non bronchodilating respiratory medication
206
Inhaled
Beclomethasone (Beconase, Qvar)
Budesonide (Pulmacort)
Budesonide and formoterol (Symbicort)
Fluticasone (Flonase)
Fluticasone and salmeterol (Advair HFA Inhaler)
Mometasone and formoterol (Dulera)
Oral:
Prednisone (Steraped)
Prednisolone (Predicort)
IV
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Corteg)
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
glucocorticoid nonbronchodilating respiratory medications
207
Cromolyn is a ?
mast cell stabilizer
208
what are the mast cell stabilizers?
cromolyn
209
What are the anticoagulants ?
heparin
low molecular weight heparins: enoxaparin, dalteparin
warfarin
210
What are the antiplatelets?
aspirin
ADP inhibitors: clopidogrel, ticlopidine
Glypoprotein inhibitors: eptifibatide, tirofiban
211
heparin
anticoagulant
212
enoxaparin
anticoagulant
213
dalteparin
anticoagulant
214
warfarin
anticoagulant
215
What re the centrally acting adrenergics for blood pressure?
clonidine
guanfacine
methyldopa
216
clonidine
centrally acting adrenergic for blood pressure
217
guanfacine
centrally acting adrenergic for blood pressure
218
methyldopa
centrally acting adrenergic for blood pressure
219
what are the cardiac glycosides?
digoxin
220
digoxin
cardiac glycosides
221
What are the different diuretic classes?
thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
potassium sparingg diuretics
osmotic diuretics
222
What are the different diuretic classes?
thiazide diuretics
loop diuretics
potassium sparing diuretics
osmotic diuretics
223
What are the thiazide diuretics?
hydrochlorothiazide
chlorothiazide
(thiazide lke -metolazone)
224
hydrochlorothiazide
thiazide diuretic
225
chlorothiazide
thiazide diuretic
226
metolazone
thiazide like diuretic
226
metolazone
thiazide like diuretic
227
What are the loop diuretics ?
ethacrynic acid
torasemide
furosemide
azosemide
bumetanide
228
ethacrynic acid
loop diuretics
229
torasemide
loop diuretics
230
furosemide
loop diuretics
231
azosemide
loop diuretics
232
bumetanide
loop diuretics
233
what are the potassium sparing diuretics ?
spironolactone
triamterene
234
spironolactone
potassium sparing diuretics
235
triamterene
potassium sparing diuretics
236
What are the osmotic diuretics?
mannitol
237
mannitol
osmotic diuretics
238
digoxin immune fab
antidote for digoxin toxicity, only used in severe cases
239
what are the nitrates/nitrites for angina?
nitroglycerin
isosorbide mononitrate
240
nitroglycerin
nitrates/nitrites for angina
241
isosorbide mononitrate
nitrates/nitrites for angina
242
What are the antidiarrheal medications?
bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)
diphenoxylate HCL (lomotil )
Loperamide hydroxychloride (immodium)
243
bismuth subsalicylate
antidiarrheal medication
244
diphenoxylate HCL
antidiarrheal medication (aka lomotil )
245
loperamide hydroxychloride
antidiarrheal medication (aka immodium )
246
What are the different classes for laxatives?
bulk forming
hyperosmotic cathartics
stool softeners
lubricants
saline laxatives
247
What are the bulk forming laxatives
psyllium
bisacodyl
248
psyllium
bulk forming laxative
249
bisacodyl
bulk forming laxative
250
what are the hyperosmotic cathartics laxatives ?
polyethylene glycol
251
polyethylene glycol
hyperosmotic cathartics
252
What are the stool softeners?
Docusate Sodium (Colace)
Docusate Sodium and Senna
253
Docusate Sodium
stool softener
254
Docusate Sodium and Senna
stool softener
255
what are the lubricants?
mineral oil
256
mineral oil
lubricant laxatives
257
What are the saline laxatives?
Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
Magnesium citrate (Best for Bowel Prep!)
Sodium phosphate (Fleets)
258
Magnesium hydroxide
saline laxative (aka milk of mag)
259
Magnesium citrate
saline laxative (best for bowel prep)
260
sodium phosphate
saline laxative (fleets enema)
261
What are the different classes of antiemetics?
antihistamine
serotonin receptor antagonist
anticholinergic
phenothiazine
262
What are the antiemetic antihistamines?
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride
Meclizine hydrochloride
Dimenhydrinate
263
hydroxyzine HCL
antiemetic antihistamine
264
meclizine HCL
antiemetic antihistamine
265
dimenhydrinate
antiemetic antihistamine
266
What are the serotonin recptor antagonist antiemetics?
ondansetron HCL
metoclopramide
267
ondansetron HCL
serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetics
268
metoclopramide
serotonin receptor antagonist antiemetics
269
What are the anticholinergic antiemetics?
scopalamine
270
scopalamine
anticholinergic antiemetics
271
What are the phenothiazine antiemetics?
Prochlorperazine
Promethazine hydrochloride
272
Prochlorperazine
phenothiazine antiemetics
273
Promethazine hydrochloride
phenothiazine antiemetics
