Drugs with Anticholinergic Actions Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of Scopolamine?
Unknown mechanism in CNS
Scopolamine is used to reduce vertigo and postoperative nausea and vomiting.
What are the clinical applications of Dicyclomine?
Irritable bowel syndrome, minor diarrhea
Dicyclomine works through competitive antagonism at M receptors.
What is the main effect of Atropine in ophthalmology?
Causes mydriasis and cycloplegia
Atropine is used for retinal examination and prevention of synechiae after surgery.
Which drug has a shorter duration of action than Atropine?
Cyclopentolate
Cyclopentolate has a duration of action of 3-6 hours.
What is the primary use of Tiotropium?
Prevention and relief of acute episodes of bronchospasm
Tiotropium is a competitive, nonselective antagonist at M receptors.
What condition is treated with Oxybutynin?
Urge incontinence; postopelduve urinary issues
Oxybutynin is a slightly M1-selective muscarinic antagonist.
Atropine is mandatory as an antidote for which type of poisoning?
Severe cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
Atropine blocks muscarinic excess at exocrine glands, heart, and smooth muscle.
What are the common toxicities associated with Scopolamine?
Drowsiness, blurred vision, xerostomia, delirium
These toxicities can result from its use in motion sickness.
Fill in the blank: Dicyclomine reduces smooth muscle and secretory activity through _______.
Competitive antagonism at M receptors
True or False: Tropicamide has the longest duration of action among the ophthalmic anticholinergics.
False
Tropicamide has the shortest duration of action (15-60 min).
What are the formulations available for Tiotropium?
Aerosol canister, up to qid
Tiotropium is used for COPD and asthma.
What are the common toxicities associated with Oxybutynin?
Tachycardia, constipation, increased intraocular pressure, xerostomia
Oxybutynin is used to treat urinary disorders.
Which drugs are considered longer duration alternatives to Tiotropium?
Aclidinium, umeclidinium
These drugs are used once daily for respiratory conditions.
What is the mechanism of action for Darifenacin?
Tertiary amine with selectivity for M3 receptors
It is used to treat overactive bladder syndrome.
What is the duration of action for Hyoscyamine compared to Atropine?
Longer duration of action
Hyoscyamine is used for gastrointestinal disorders.
What is the primary effect of competitive antagonism at M receptors in respiratory conditions?
Reduces or prevents bronchospasm
Fill in the blank: The usual antidote for early-stage cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning is _______.
Atropine
