Drugs used for Cholinomimetic Drugs

Question 1

Direct Acting Choline Ester
MOA:
- Muscarinic agonist
- negligible effect at nicotinic receptors

C/A:
Postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

Answer 1

Bethanechol

Question 2

Direct Acting Choline Esters
MOA: Nonselective muscarinic and nicotinic agonist; otherwise similar to bethanechol; C/A: used topically almost exclusively for glaucoma

Answer 2

Carbachol

Question 3

Direct Acting Muscarinic Alkaloid or Synthetics

MOA: Like bethanechol, partial agonist
C/A : Glaucoma; Sjögren’s syndrome

Answer 3

Pilocarpine

Question 4

Direct Acting Muscarinic Alkaloids or Synthetics

MOA: Synthetic M3-selective;similar to pilocarpine

Answer 4

Cevimeline

Question 5

Direct Acting Muscarinic Alkaloids or Synthetics

MOA: Synthetic M3-selective;similar to pilocarpine

Answer 5

Cevimeline

Question 6

Direct Acting Nicotinic Agonists

MOA: Agonist at both Nn and Nm receptors

C/A:
- Medical use in smoking cessation
- nonmedical use in smoking and in insecticides

Answer 6

Nicotine

Question 7

Direct Acting Nicotinic Agonist

MOA: Selective partial agonist at α4β2 nicotinic receptors;

C/A: used exclusively for smoking cessation

Answer 7

Varenicline

Question 8

Short Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitor

MOA: Alcohol, binds briefly to active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and prevents access of acetylcholine (ACh)

C/A: Diagnosis and acute treatment of myasthenia gravis

Answer 8

Edrophonium

Question 9

Intermediate - Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Carbamates)

MOA: Forms covalent bond with AChE, but hydrolyzed and released

C/A:
- Myasthenia gravis
- postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

Answer 9

Neostigmine

Question 10

Intermediate - Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Carbamates)

MOA: Forms covalent bond with AChE, but hydrolyzed and released

C/A:
- Myasthenia gravis
- postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

Answer 10

Neostigmine

Question 11

Intermediate - Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Carbamates)

MOA: Like neostigmine, but longer-acting (4–6 h)
C/A: used in myasthenia

Answer 11

Pyridostigmine

Question 12

Intermediate - Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Carbamates)

MOA: Like neostigmine, but natural alkaloid tertiary amine
C/A : enters CNS

Answer 12

Physostigmine

Question 13

Long Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Organophosphates)

MOA: Like neostigmine but released more slowly

C/A: Obsolete: was used in glaucoma

Answer 13

Echothiopate

Question 14

Long Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Organophosphates)

Insecticide, relatively safe for mammals and birds because metabolized by other enzymes to inactive products; some medical use as ectoparasiticide

Answer 14

Malathion

Question 15

Long Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Organophosphates)

Insecticide, dangerous for all animals; toxicity important because of agricultural use and exposure of farm workers

Answer 15

Parathion

Question 16

Long Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitors (Organophosphates)

“Nerve gas,” used exclusively in warfare and terrorism

Answer 16

Sarin