DRUGS: UTI & KIDNEY DISEASES

Question 1

Epoetin Alfa

Answer 1

MOA: stimulate erythropoiesis
Indication: CKD (anaemia)
S/E:
1. fever
2. nausea, diarrhoea
3. cough, URTI
4. oedema

1. HTN
2. seizure
3. HF, MI, stroke

Question 2

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate class, MOA, indication

Answer 2

class: potassium binder

MOA: bind to excess K in bowels & excrete through stool. Capture K n exchange for Ca or Na in colon

Indication: CKD (hyperK)

Question 3

Valcitrol, Cinacalet class, indication, MOA

Answer 3

class; Vit D supplement

indication: CKD

MOA: active form of Vit D. increase Ca in plasma – increase intestinal Ca uptake, increase Ca reabsorption

Question 4

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate side effects

Answer 4

1. oedema
2. hypoK
3. constipation, diarrhoea, fecal impaction
4. n&v, abdo discomfort, bloating
5. low Ca, Mg
6. Na retention

Question 5

Valcitrol, Cinacalet S/E

Answer 5

1. constipation, nocturia
2. high C, Mg, Phosphates
3. high BUN, creatinine
4. arrhythmia

Question 6

furosemide class, indication, MOA

Answer 6

class: loop diuretic
indication: CKD (in small doses), reduce fluid overload
MOA: inhibit luminal Na-K-Cl transporter in ascending LOP, bind to Cl transport channel –> increase NaCl & K in urine

Question 7

Furosemide S/E

Answer 7

1. hypoK, electrolyte imbalance
2. postural hypotention, dehydration, circulatory collapse
3. tinnitus, ototoxicity
4. nausea, diarrhoea
5. dizziness, fatigue
6. blood discracias
   7.

Question 8

Mirabegon class, MOA/indication

Answer 8

class: beta-3 adrenergic agonist
MOA: relax bladder muscle –> increase bladder capacity
indication: urge incontinence

Question 9

oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin class, MOA, indication

Answer 9

class: anticholinergic
MOA: reduce overactivity of bladder
indication: urge incontinence

Question 10

dutasteride, finasteride class, MOA, indication

Answer 10

class: 5-alpha reductase inhibitor
MOA: decrease size of prostate gland by blocking hormones that increase growth
indication: BPH

• 3-6 months before symptom relief

Question 11

tamsulosin, alfuzosin class, MOA, indication

Answer 11

class: alpha-1 blocker
indication: urge / overflow incontinence
MOA: relax bladder neck muscle & muscle fibers in prostate –> easier to empty bladder