Drugs to Treat Asthma and COPD Flashcards
define asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of large airways
define COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is often progressive
COPD includes
- fibrosis
- emphysema
- loss of ling elasticity
- closure of smaller pathways
what type of activity is increased during COPD/ asthma?
cholinergic activity
mast cells release…
which are the mediators of _____________
- histamine
- leukotrienes
- bronchoconstriction
Patients which may be on beta adrenergic blockers will also experience “wheezing” (Why?)
b/c beta blockers cause airways to narrow and contract making it harder to breath
list 5 examples of drugs that affect the respiratory system
- bronchodilators
- anticholinergics
- antileukotrienes
- corticosteroids
- MAST cell stabilizers
what are the 2 types of bronchodilators?
- xanthine derivatives
- beta agonists
examples of xanthine derivatives
- caffeine
- theophylline
what is the MOA for xanthine derivatives?
inhibit phosphodiesterase increasing cAMP relaxing smooth muscle
beta agonists are aka
sympathomimetics
beta agonists stimulate
beta 2 receptors in the lungs
beta agonists also activate
cAMP for smooth muscle relaxation
what are the 3 classes of beta agonists?
- non-selective adrenergic
- non-selective beta adrenergics
- selective beta 2 drugs
what is an example of a non-selective adrenergic?
epinephrine
non-selective adrenergics stimulate which receptors
- alpha 1
- beta 1
- beta 2
what is an example of non-selective beta adrenergics?
isoproterenol
non-selective beta adrenergics stimulate which receptors?
- beta 1
- beta 2
give an example of selective beta 2 drugs
albuterol
selective beta 2 drugs stimulate which receptors?
ONLY beta 2
in anticholinergics ACh causes
bronchial constriction and narrowing of airways
what is the MOA for anticholinergics?
to bind to the ACh receptors to prevent the binding of ACh
what is the result of using anticholinergics?
prevent bronchoconstriction and allow the airways to dilate
leukotrienes cause
- inflammation
- bronchoconstriction
- mucus production
what is the MOA of antileukotrienes? And what is the result?
- to prevent binding to receptors
- prevents smooth muscle contraction and decreases mucus secretion
corticosteroids are
oral/inhaled agents that are anti-inflammatory
what is the MOA of corticosteroids
bind to and stabilize membranes of cells that release bronchoconstricting substances
what are 2 examples of cells that produce/ release bronchoconstricting substances?
- leukocytes
- WBCs
corticosteroids do not relieve the symptoms of acute asthma therefore they are more for
chronic asthmatic conditions
what are agents that are used prophylactically for respiratory conditions?
MAST cell stabilizers
MAST cell stabilizers stabilize the cell membranes of
cells containing inflammatory substances
cells that contain inflammatory substances include
- MAST Cells
- macrophages
with MAST cell stabilizers there is no
direct bronchodilator
