Drugs to Treat Asthma and COPD

Question 1

define asthma

Answer 1

chronic inflammatory disorder of large airways

Question 2

define COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer 2

lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and is often progressive

Question 3

COPD includes

Answer 3

• fibrosis
• emphysema
• loss of ling elasticity
• closure of smaller pathways

Question 4

what type of activity is increased during COPD/ asthma?

Answer 4

cholinergic activity

Question 5

mast cells release…
which are the mediators of _____________

Answer 5

• histamine
• leukotrienes
• bronchoconstriction

Question 6

Patients which may be on beta adrenergic blockers will also experience “wheezing” (Why?)

Answer 6

b/c beta blockers cause airways to narrow and contract making it harder to breath

Question 7

list 5 examples of drugs that affect the respiratory system

Answer 7

1. bronchodilators
2. anticholinergics
3. antileukotrienes
4. corticosteroids
5. MAST cell stabilizers

Question 8

what are the 2 types of bronchodilators?

Answer 8

1. xanthine derivatives
2. beta agonists

Question 9

examples of xanthine derivatives

Answer 9

1. caffeine
2. theophylline

Question 10

what is the MOA for xanthine derivatives?

Answer 10

inhibit phosphodiesterase increasing cAMP relaxing smooth muscle

Question 11

beta agonists are aka

Answer 11

sympathomimetics

Question 12

beta agonists stimulate

Answer 12

beta 2 receptors in the lungs

Question 13

beta agonists also activate

Answer 13

cAMP for smooth muscle relaxation

Question 14

what are the 3 classes of beta agonists?

Answer 14

1. non-selective adrenergic
2. non-selective beta adrenergics
3. selective beta 2 drugs

Question 15

what is an example of a non-selective adrenergic?

Answer 15

epinephrine

Question 16

non-selective adrenergics stimulate which receptors

Answer 16

• alpha 1
• beta 1
• beta 2

Question 17

what is an example of non-selective beta adrenergics?

Answer 17

isoproterenol

Question 18

non-selective beta adrenergics stimulate which receptors?

Answer 18

• beta 1
• beta 2

Question 19

give an example of selective beta 2 drugs

Answer 19

albuterol

Question 20

selective beta 2 drugs stimulate which receptors?

Answer 20

ONLY beta 2

Question 21

in anticholinergics ACh causes

Answer 21

bronchial constriction and narrowing of airways

Question 22

what is the MOA for anticholinergics?

Answer 22

to bind to the ACh receptors to prevent the binding of ACh

Question 23

what is the result of using anticholinergics?

Answer 23

prevent bronchoconstriction and allow the airways to dilate

Question 24

leukotrienes cause

Answer 24

• inflammation
• bronchoconstriction
• mucus production

Question 25

what is the MOA of antileukotrienes? And what is the result?

Answer 25

• to prevent binding to receptors
• prevents smooth muscle contraction and decreases mucus secretion

Question 26

corticosteroids are

Answer 26

oral/inhaled agents that are anti-inflammatory

Question 27

what is the MOA of corticosteroids

Answer 27

bind to and stabilize membranes of cells that release bronchoconstricting substances

Question 28

what are 2 examples of cells that produce/ release bronchoconstricting substances?

Answer 28

1. leukocytes
2. WBCs

Question 29

corticosteroids do not relieve the symptoms of acute asthma therefore they are more for

Answer 29

chronic asthmatic conditions

Question 30

what are agents that are used prophylactically for respiratory conditions?

Answer 30

MAST cell stabilizers

Question 31

MAST cell stabilizers stabilize the cell membranes of

Answer 31

cells containing inflammatory substances

Question 32

cells that contain inflammatory substances include

Answer 32

• MAST Cells
• macrophages

Question 33

with MAST cell stabilizers there is no

Answer 33

direct bronchodilator