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Pharm 2 > Drugs (this unit)-random order > Flashcards

Drugs (this unit)-random order Flashcards

1
Q

Antipsychotic drugs used to treat mania

A

Phenothiazine

Haloperitol

Benzos

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1
Q

Other tx of bipolar

A

Most are antiseizure:

  • Valproic acid
  • Carbamazepine
  • Limotripene

Acetazolamide

Aripripazole-anti-psychotic

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2
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Inh. Na

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2
Q

Paroxetine

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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3
Q

Third Generation antidepressants

A

Venlafaxine

Desvenlafaxine

Duloxetine

Milnacipram

Mech: SNRIs

Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE

*Third generations have the -faxine drugs

SE:

  • GI upset
  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Headache
  • Decreased libido
  • Cardiovascular stimulation

*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.

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4
Q

Fomepizole

A

Specific inhibitor of alcDH

Prolongs effects of alcohol

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4
Q

Imipramine

A

First generation antidepressant

Tricyclic antidepressants

Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake

Act on multiple receptors

SE:

Most likely to cause SE
Sedation
Weight gain
Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
Cardiovascular effects

Arrythmias
Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
Orthostatic hypotension

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5
Q

Gabapentin

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Act GABA

GABApentin

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6
Q

Second generation antidepressants

A

Fluoxetine

Fluvoxamine

Sertraline

Paroxetine

Citalopram

Escitalopram

Vilazodone

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

  • GI upset
  • Nausea
  • Insomnia
  • Headache
  • Decreased libido
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7
Q

Milnacipram

A

Third Generation Antidepressant

Mech: SNRIs

Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE

*Third generations have the -faxine drugs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation

*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.

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8
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Tx: All seizures EXCEPT petit mal

Class: Barbituate

Mech: Act. GABA

SE:

  • Sedation
  • Induces P450
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8
Q

Escitalopram

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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9
Q

MAO inhibitors

A

Tranylcypromine

Phenelzine

Isocarboxazid

Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)

Kinetcs: Slow onset

Toxicity:

  • Insomnia
  • Agitation
  • Hallucination
  • Seizure
  • Liver toxicity
  • Weight gain
  • Hypotension
  • Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children

Drug interactions:

  • Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis
    • Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
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9
Q

Isocarboxazid

A

Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor

Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)

Kinetcs: Slow onset

Toxicity:

Insomnia
Agitation
Hallucination
Seizure
Liver toxicity
Weight gain
Hypotension
Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children

Drug interactions:

Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis

Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)

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10
Q

Vigabatrin

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Act GABA

ViGABAtrin

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10
Q

Citalopram

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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11
Q

First Gen Antidepressants

A

Impiramine + Amitryptyline

Tricyclic antidepressants

Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake

Act on multiple receptors

SE:

  • Most likely to cause SE
  • Sedation
  • Weight gain
  • Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
  • Cardiovascular effects
    • Arrythmias
    • Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
    • Orthostatic hypotension
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12
Q

Vilazodone

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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14
Q

Tiagabine

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Act GABA

Tiagabine

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15
Q

Sertaline

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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15
Q

Buproprion

A

Antidepressant

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16
Q

Ezogabine

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Open K channel

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18
Q

Disulfiram

A

Inhibits acet.DH→buildup of acetaldehyde

Get severe hangover right away

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19
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Tx: DOC for petit mal seizures

Mech: Inhibit Ca channels in CNS

SE:

  • GI upset
  • Drowsiness
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19
Q

Fluoxetine

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

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21
Q

Pregabalin

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Acts on Ca channels

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21
Q

Amitriptyline

A

First generation antidepressant

Tricyclic antidepressants

Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake

Act on multiple receptors

SE:

Most likely to cause SE
Sedation
Weight gain
Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
Cardiovascular effects

Arrythmias
Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
Orthostatic hypotension

23
Q

Sodium Valproate

A

Tx: All seizures including Petit mal seizures

Mech:

  • Decrease GABA breakdown
  • Increase GABA synth
  • Act on Na and Ca channels

Toxicity:

  • GI upset
  • CNS sedation-tremors
  • Potentially fatal hepatitis
  • Fetal damage-drop in IQ
24
Q

Acamprosate

A

Decreased craving for ethanol

25
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Third Generation Antidepressant

Mech: SNRIs

Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE

*Third generations have the -faxine drugs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation

*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.

26
Q

Lithium

A

Tx: Mania

Used prophylactically–5-7 day onset

Cheap-can’t patent it

Given orally

Low TI=2

Mech:

  • Alter glutamate metabolism
  • Decrease NE release
  • May alter 5HT

SE:

  • Short term
    • Tremors
    • Increase thirst
    • Increase urine prod. (block effects of ADH)
    • Edema
    • Weight gain
    • Nystagmus
  • Long term
    • Renal damage
    • Hypothyroidism

Toxicity:

  • Nausea
  • Delirium
  • Coma
  • Dangerous w/ kidney disorders
28
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Unknown

29
Q

Phenelzine

A

Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor

Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)

Kinetcs: Slow onset

Toxicity:

Insomnia
Agitation
Hallucination
Seizure
Liver toxicity
Weight gain
Hypotension
Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children

Drug interactions:

Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis

Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)

30
Q

Phenytoin

A

Tx: Gran mal and others NOT petit mal

Mech:

  • Inh. Na channels in brain
  • Slows recovery rate of neuron
  • Generally not a CNS depressant

Pharmakokinetics:

  • Low TI

Toxicity:

  • Acute
    • Resp. depression
    • Cardiovascular collapse
    • Nausea
    • Ataxia
  • Chronic
    • Gingival hyperplasia
    • Vestibular effects
      • Diplopia
      • Ataxia
      • Blurred Vision
  • Some sedation
  • Teratogenic-fetal hydantoin syndrome
  • Life threatening rash-Stevens Johnson syndrome
33
Q

Topiramate

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Act. GABA

34
Q

Desvenlafaxine

A

Third Generation Antidepressant

Mech: SNRIs

Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE

*Third generations have the -faxine drugs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation

*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.

35
Q

Diazepam

A

Tx: Seizures

Class: Benzos

Mech: GABA

IV to treat status epilepticus

36
Q

Zonisamide

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Inh. Na

37
Q

Nefazodone

A

Antidepressant

39
Q

Vortioxetine

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

40
Q

Fluvoxamine

A

2nd gen antidepressant

Mech: SSRIs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido

41
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor

Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)

Kinetcs: Slow onset

Toxicity:

Insomnia
Agitation
Hallucination
Seizure
Liver toxicity
Weight gain
Hypotension
Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children

Drug interactions:

Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis

Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)

42
Q

Duloxetine

A

Third Generation Antidepressant

Mech: SNRIs

Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE

*Third generations have the -faxine drugs

SE:

GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation

*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.

43
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Tx: Seizures

Mech: May increase CO2 in brain→Decrease activity

45
Q

Perampanel

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Blocks glutamate

46
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Tx: DOC for partial seizures

Mech: Inhibits on Na channels

Toxicity:

  • Blurred vision + diplopia
  • Drowsiness
  • Fetal defects-spina bifida
  • Aplastic anemia (abnormality of RBC)
  • Induces P450
47
Q

Rufinamide

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Inh. Na

48
Q
A
49
Q

Lacosamide

A

Tx: Partial seizures

Mech: Inh. Na

50
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Antidepressant

51
Q

Morphine

A

Narcotic analgesic- narcotic analogs

Given parenterally due to first pass effect

52
Q

Codeine

A

Narcotic analgesic- narcotic analogs

Partial agonist-low anti-nociceptive effects

Given orally

Greater effect on coughing-anti-tussive effect

53
Q

Heroin

A

Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic

Originally to cure morphine addiction

5x stronger than morphine

54
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic

10x stronger than morphine

“Dilaudid”

55
Q

Oxycodone

A

Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic

Partial agonist-available in oral form as oxycontin

0.5x as strong as morphine

56
Q
A
57
Q

Fentanyl

A

Narcotic analgesic- synthetic

80-100x stronger than morphine

58
Q

Sufentanil

A

Narcotic analgesic- synthetic

500-600x stronger than morphine

59
Q

Alfentanil

A

Narcotic analgesic- synthetic

500-600x stronger than morphine

60
Q

Remifentanil

A

Narcotic analgesic- synthetic

500-600x stronger than morphine

61
Q

Meperidine

A

Narcotic analgesic- synthetic

.5x as strong as morphine

No pupil constriction

62
Q

Methadone

A

Narcotic analgesic- synthetic

Orally effective-liquid

Less euphoric

Given to wean off morphine

Same strength as morphine

63
Q

Naloxone

A

Narcotic analgesic antagonist

Opiate receptor blocker

Naloxone-oxycodone combinations exist to make withdrawl easier

64
Q

Naltrexone

A

Narcotic analgesic antagonist

Opiate receptor blocker

65
Q

Methylnaltrexone

A

Narcotic analgesic antagonist

Opiate receptor blocker

66
Q

Tramadol

A

Narcotic and SSRI

67
Q

Tapentadol

A

Narcotic and SSRI

Pharm 2 (8 decks)

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