Drugs (this unit)-random order Flashcards
Antipsychotic drugs used to treat mania
Phenothiazine
Haloperitol
Benzos
Other tx of bipolar
Most are antiseizure:
- Valproic acid
- Carbamazepine
- Limotripene
Acetazolamide
Aripripazole-anti-psychotic
Lamotrigine
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Inh. Na
Paroxetine
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Third Generation antidepressants
Venlafaxine
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Milnacipram
Mech: SNRIs
Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE
*Third generations have the -faxine drugs
SE:
- GI upset
- Nausea
- Insomnia
- Headache
- Decreased libido
- Cardiovascular stimulation
*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
Fomepizole
Specific inhibitor of alcDH
Prolongs effects of alcohol
Imipramine
First generation antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants
Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake
Act on multiple receptors
SE:
Most likely to cause SE
Sedation
Weight gain
Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
Cardiovascular effects
Arrythmias
Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
Orthostatic hypotension
Gabapentin
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Act GABA
GABApentin
Second generation antidepressants
Fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
Sertraline
Paroxetine
Citalopram
Escitalopram
Vilazodone
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
- GI upset
- Nausea
- Insomnia
- Headache
- Decreased libido
Milnacipram
Third Generation Antidepressant
Mech: SNRIs
Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE
*Third generations have the -faxine drugs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation
*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
Phenobarbital
Tx: All seizures EXCEPT petit mal
Class: Barbituate
Mech: Act. GABA
SE:
- Sedation
- Induces P450
Escitalopram
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
MAO inhibitors
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)
Kinetcs: Slow onset
Toxicity:
- Insomnia
- Agitation
- Hallucination
- Seizure
- Liver toxicity
- Weight gain
- Hypotension
- Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children
Drug interactions:
- Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis
- Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
Isocarboxazid
Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor
Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)
Kinetcs: Slow onset
Toxicity:
Insomnia
Agitation
Hallucination
Seizure
Liver toxicity
Weight gain
Hypotension
Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children
Drug interactions:
Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis
Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
Vigabatrin
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Act GABA
ViGABAtrin
Citalopram
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
First Gen Antidepressants
Impiramine + Amitryptyline
Tricyclic antidepressants
Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake
Act on multiple receptors
SE:
- Most likely to cause SE
- Sedation
- Weight gain
- Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
- Cardiovascular effects
- Arrythmias
- Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
- Orthostatic hypotension
Vilazodone
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Tiagabine
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Act GABA
Tiagabine
Sertaline
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Buproprion
Antidepressant
Ezogabine
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Open K channel
Disulfiram
Inhibits acet.DH→buildup of acetaldehyde
Get severe hangover right away
Ethosuximide
Tx: DOC for petit mal seizures
Mech: Inhibit Ca channels in CNS
SE:
- GI upset
- Drowsiness
Fluoxetine
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Pregabalin
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Acts on Ca channels
Amitriptyline
First generation antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants
Mech: Inhibit NE reuptake
Act on multiple receptors
SE:
Most likely to cause SE
Sedation
Weight gain
Anticholinergic effect (dry eyes, dry mouth, constipation)
Cardiovascular effects
Arrythmias
Drop in BP (alpha1 block)
Orthostatic hypotension
Sodium Valproate
Tx: All seizures including Petit mal seizures
Mech:
- Decrease GABA breakdown
- Increase GABA synth
- Act on Na and Ca channels
Toxicity:
- GI upset
- CNS sedation-tremors
- Potentially fatal hepatitis
- Fetal damage-drop in IQ
Acamprosate
Decreased craving for ethanol
Venlafaxine
Third Generation Antidepressant
Mech: SNRIs
Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE
*Third generations have the -faxine drugs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation
*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
Lithium
Tx: Mania
Used prophylactically–5-7 day onset
Cheap-can’t patent it
Given orally
Low TI=2
Mech:
- Alter glutamate metabolism
- Decrease NE release
- May alter 5HT
SE:
- Short term
- Tremors
- Increase thirst
- Increase urine prod. (block effects of ADH)
- Edema
- Weight gain
- Nystagmus
- Long term
- Renal damage
- Hypothyroidism
Toxicity:
- Nausea
- Delirium
- Coma
- Dangerous w/ kidney disorders
Levetiracetam
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Unknown
Phenelzine
Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor
Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)
Kinetcs: Slow onset
Toxicity:
Insomnia
Agitation
Hallucination
Seizure
Liver toxicity
Weight gain
Hypotension
Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children
Drug interactions:
Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis
Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
Phenytoin
Tx: Gran mal and others NOT petit mal
Mech:
- Inh. Na channels in brain
- Slows recovery rate of neuron
- Generally not a CNS depressant
Pharmakokinetics:
- Low TI
Toxicity:
- Acute
- Resp. depression
- Cardiovascular collapse
- Nausea
- Ataxia
- Chronic
- Gingival hyperplasia
- Vestibular effects
- Diplopia
- Ataxia
- Blurred Vision
- Some sedation
- Teratogenic-fetal hydantoin syndrome
- Life threatening rash-Stevens Johnson syndrome
Topiramate
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Act. GABA
Desvenlafaxine
Third Generation Antidepressant
Mech: SNRIs
Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE
*Third generations have the -faxine drugs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation
*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
Diazepam
Tx: Seizures
Class: Benzos
Mech: GABA
IV to treat status epilepticus
Zonisamide
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Inh. Na
Nefazodone
Antidepressant
Vortioxetine
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Fluvoxamine
2nd gen antidepressant
Mech: SSRIs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Tranylcypromine
Antidepressant-MAO inhibitor
Mech: Irreversibly inhibits metab of NE and 5HT (via inhibition of MAO)
Kinetcs: Slow onset
Toxicity:
Insomnia
Agitation
Hallucination
Seizure
Liver toxicity
Weight gain
Hypotension
Great increase in likelihood of suicide in children
Drug interactions:
Indirect acting amines→Hypertensive crisis
Some foods contain tyramine (smoked foods, aged cheeses, wine)
Duloxetine
Third Generation Antidepressant
Mech: SNRIs
Inhibit reputake of 5HT and NE
*Third generations have the -faxine drugs
SE:
GI upset
Nausea
Insomnia
Headache
Decreased libido
Cardiovascular stimulation
*SE same as 2nd gen +cardio stim.
Acetazolamide
Tx: Seizures
Mech: May increase CO2 in brain→Decrease activity
Perampanel
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Blocks glutamate
Carbamazepine
Tx: DOC for partial seizures
Mech: Inhibits on Na channels
Toxicity:
- Blurred vision + diplopia
- Drowsiness
- Fetal defects-spina bifida
- Aplastic anemia (abnormality of RBC)
- Induces P450
Rufinamide
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Inh. Na
Lacosamide
Tx: Partial seizures
Mech: Inh. Na
Mirtazapine
Antidepressant
Morphine
Narcotic analgesic- narcotic analogs
Given parenterally due to first pass effect
Codeine
Narcotic analgesic- narcotic analogs
Partial agonist-low anti-nociceptive effects
Given orally
Greater effect on coughing-anti-tussive effect
Heroin
Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic
Originally to cure morphine addiction
5x stronger than morphine
Hydromorphone
Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic
10x stronger than morphine
“Dilaudid”
Oxycodone
Narcotic analgesic- semisynthetic
Partial agonist-available in oral form as oxycontin
0.5x as strong as morphine
Fentanyl
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic
80-100x stronger than morphine
Sufentanil
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic
500-600x stronger than morphine
Alfentanil
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic
500-600x stronger than morphine
Remifentanil
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic
500-600x stronger than morphine
Meperidine
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic
.5x as strong as morphine
No pupil constriction
Methadone
Narcotic analgesic- synthetic
Orally effective-liquid
Less euphoric
Given to wean off morphine
Same strength as morphine
Naloxone
Narcotic analgesic antagonist
Opiate receptor blocker
Naloxone-oxycodone combinations exist to make withdrawl easier
Naltrexone
Narcotic analgesic antagonist
Opiate receptor blocker
Methylnaltrexone
Narcotic analgesic antagonist
Opiate receptor blocker
Tramadol
Narcotic and SSRI
Tapentadol
Narcotic and SSRI
