Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Board Study > Drugs & Tests > Flashcards

Drugs & Tests Flashcards

1
Q

betablockers

A

used in hyperthyroidism in thyroiditis typically for abnormal heart rate and anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

methimazole and propylthiouricil

A

reduces peripheral T4 to T3 conversion; decrease thyroid hormone synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

an alpha-receptor blocker w/ a pt. w/ pheochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

dopamine agonists

A

to treat dopamine deficiency in Parkinson’s, inhibiting growth of prolactinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Metformin

A

commonly used diabetic tx. that decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sulfonylureas

A

increase insulin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

thiazolinediones

A

decrease insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Methotrexate

A

antagonist of folate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schilling Test

A

to figure out cause of B12 deficiency. Pt. gets intramuscular injection of nonradioactive B12. B12 receptors are saturated. Then ingests radioactive B12. Phase 2: B12 + IF (intrinsic factor)
normal: secreted in urine
pernicious anemia: not in urine, because never absorbed d/t no intrinsic factor
problems in ileum: on phase 2, no B12 in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

opportunistic infections

A

pneumocystis carinii, cryptosporidium, toxoplasmosis, MAI-myobacterium avium intracellulare, cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, m. tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus- CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reed-Sternberg cell

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Alagesics: Mild

A

acetoinophen (tylenol), aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Analgesics: Narcotic

A

codine, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (demerol), morphine, ocycodone (percodan), propoxyphene (Darvon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Analgesic: NSAID

A

Diclofenac (voltaren), ibuprofen (motrin, advil), indomethacin (indocin), naproxen (naprosyn)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anesthetics: General

A

ether, halothane (fluothane), nitrous oxide, thiopental (pentothal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anesthetics: Local

A

hydrocortisone acetate (orabase), lidocaine (xylocaine), procaine (novacaine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SSRI (Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors): ACTION

A
  • decrease the reuptake of serotonin at selected nerve terminals in the central nervous system (CNS)
  • have a weak effect on the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamin
  • increase availability of serotonin at the receptors results in mood elevation and reduced anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SSRIs: uses & CIs

A

uses: -mild to moderate depression
-OCD
-panic disorder
CIs: hypersensitivity to SSRIs
-concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SSRIs: caution! + side effects (SE)

A
  • Zoloft may cause delusional and aggressive behavior

- insomnia, anxiety, palps, HA, dyspepsia, diarrhea, tremor, excessive sweating, sexual dysfunction, seizures, pruritus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SSRIs: nursing implications

A
  1. monitor liver function
  2. do not tak w/ MAO inhibitors
  3. check history for seizure disorder, d/t low seizure threshold
  4. do not stop taking. withdrawal should be gradual, not abrupt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors: action

A

inhibits monoamine oxidase, the enzyme involved in the metabolism of amines that are found in the body such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, tyramine, and serotonin. MAO inhibitors help increase these transmitters to relieve the effects of depression.
-depression is thought to be associated w/ low levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MAO inhibitors uses

A
  • relieve symptoms of clinical depression, manic depression, and psychosis
  • severe depression in patients who have failed to respond to other tx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MAO inhibitors CIs and caution

A
  • impaired renal or hepatic function
  • CAD, CHF, hypertension,cerebro-vascular defects
  • possible hypertensive crisis with ingestion of caffeine and tyramine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MAO inhibitors: side effects

A

orthostatic hypotesion, seizures, hypertensive crisis, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, edema, blurred vision, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
MAO inhibitors: nursing impl.
1. check blood work for effects on platelets 2. avoid food w/ caffeine and tyramine to prevent hypertensive crisis 3. pt. should not take any other meds unless they check with their provider
26
Tricyclic antidepressants: ACTION
decrease reabsorption of norepinephrine and serotonin, which allows more of the neurotransmitters to be available at postsynaptic receptors.
27
Tricyclics: USE
- endogenous, reactive depression - depression related to alcohol and cocaine withdrawal - pts. failed w/ other antidepressants
28
Tricyclics: caution! + side effects
acute recovery phase of myocardial ischemia or severe CAD - hyperthyroidism - history of suicidal behavior or ideations
29
Tricyclics: side effects
-sedation, orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, cholinergic effects: dry mouth, HA, urinary retention
30
Tricyclics: nurse impl.
older clients more susceptible to orthostatic hypertension - administer at bedtime - stop smoking and avoid alcohol
31
Antihistamines: ACTION
competitively block H1 receptor sites on effector cells and impede histamine-mediated responses
32
Antihistamines: USE
- prevent ad treat allergic reactions - allergic transfusion reactions - motion sickness and insomnia - used w/ epinephrine in management of anaphylaxis
33
Antihistamines: CI + cautions
sensitivity to antihistamines - hx. acute asthmatic problem - pregnancy and lactation - urinary obstruction - glaucome
34
Antihistamines: side effects of BENADRYL
sedation, disturbed coordination, epigastric distress, thickening of brochial secretions, dry mouth, drowsiness; not recommended for injection ORAL use ONLY!
35
VISATRIL side effects
antihistamine: drowsiness, dry mouth, hypotension, potentiates barbiturates and narcotics
36
ANTIVERT side effects
antihistamine: Drowsiness, dry mouth ORAL use ONLY!
37
Bronchodilators: ACTION
- Beta2-selective adrenergic agonists | - sympathomimetic agents relax the beta2-receptors to relax the smooth mm in the bronchioles, producing dilation
38
Bronchodilators: USE
- short-acting preparations to treat acute exacerbations of asthma - short term relief of bronchocontsriction d/t bronchitis and emphysema - long term control of chronic airway problems (severe PO)
39
Bronchodilators: CI + precautions
- Cardiovascular dz, thyroid dz, diabetes mellitus - Lactation, sensitivity, seizure disorders - sensitivity to sympathomimetics - Terbutaline: not given to children 12 yrs. or under
40
Bronchodilators: Side FX
Tremors, anxiety, convulsions, Tachycardia, HA, blood pressure changes
41
NSAIDS: ACTION
- suppress inflammation by inhibition of coclooxygenase, an enzyme that is responsible for synthesis of prostaglandins - NSAIDs inhibit the formation and release prostaglandin
42
NSAIDS: USES
- Mild to moderate pain relief | - reduce inflammation
43
NSAIDS: Contraindications + cautions
CI-Hypersensitivity to aspirin -Clients with viral illness CAUTION!-upper GI disorders -renal and hepatic impairment
44
NSAIDS: SIDE FX
Dyspepsia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, rash, dizziness, heartburn, GI bleeding
45
Diuretics: Action
Loop: inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption through direct action primarily in the ascending loop of Henle but also in the proximal and distal tubules. Thiazide: act primarily on the distal tubules, inhibiting Na and Cl reabsorption
46
Diuretics: USES
Treat edema that involves fluid volume excess resulting from a number of disorders of the heart, liver or kidney
47
Diuretics: CI and cautions
hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, severe adrenocortical impairment, anuria, progressive oliguria, hepatic cirrhosis and coma, renal dysfunction, brochial asthma
48
Diuretics: side FX
unusual tiredness, weakness, dizziness, irregular HT beat, weak pulse orthostatic hypertension, tinnitus, hearing loss (Lasix)
49
Hypertension (ABC): Classification
- Blood pressure is regulated by cardiac output (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) - meds that influence either one of these systems leads to blood pressure control - Body systems that regulate CO, PVR, and blood pressure include the vascular, cardiac, and renal systems and the sympathetic nervous system. - antihypertensive drugs that influence these systems to lower BP are Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-andrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
50
Hypertension: ACTION
A- ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor. Vasodilation occurs and decreases PVR, resulting in decreased BP. ex. LISINOPRIL B- beta andrenergic blockers prevent sympathetic stimulation of the heart, reducing heart rate and contractibility. ex. METROPOLOL, LOPRESSOR, TOPROL XL C- CCBs block calcium influx into the beta-receptors, decrease the force of myocardial contraction, reduce HR, decrease PVR
51
Antihypertensives: USES
- mild to moderate ESSENTIAL hypertension - frequently in combo either as separate drugs or in a combination drug - most widely used
52
Beta blockers: examples
indernal, tenormin, lopressor, corgard
53
Beta blockers: action
- blocks sympathetic nervous system catecholamines, resulting in reduced renin and aldosterone release and fluid balance. - vasodilation of arterioles leads to decrease in PVR and blood pressure
54
Beta blockers: uses
hypertension, antianginal agents in long term tx of angina | dysrhythmias- suppress sinus and atrial tachydysrhythmias
55
Betas blockers CI and caution
CI: pregnancy and lactation Caution: can cause bronchoconstriction, use in caution w/ diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, cerebrovascular insufficiency, renal or hepatic dysfunction
56
beta blockers: side FX
hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness, depression, symptoms of CHF, insomnia, wheezing, dyspnea, malaise, lethargy
57
Nitroglycerin: classification vs. Digitalis: classification
Nitro: nitrate vasodilator Digi: cardiac glycoside
58
Nitroglycerin: action
``` relaxes vascular (arterial and venous) w/ more prominent effects on veins, which decreases preload -arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular resistance, which decreases afterload ```
59
Digitalis: action
- affects mechanical and electrical actions of the HT, increase myocardial contractility - alters the electrical activity in noncontractile tissue and ventricular muscle (e.g. automaticity, refractoriness, and impulse conduction) - inhibits Na-K ATPase
60
Nitroglycerin: uses
- relief of anginal pain | - in conjunction w/ beta blockers or calcium channel blockers to suppress tachycardia
61
Digitalis: uses
- HT failure- improves cardiac output | - Atrial fibrillation and flutter
62
Nitoglycerin: CI and caution
CI: hypertensive clients, severe anemia, acute MI, cardiomyopathy, head trauma, cerebral hemorrhage caution: severe hepatic or renal dz
63
Digitalis: CI and caution
CI: hypersensitivity, ventricular tachycardia caution: renal insufficiency, hypokalemia, advanced HT dz, acute MI, incomplete atrioventricular block, pregnancy
64
Nitoglycerin: side FX
orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, HAs
65
Digitalis: side Fx
dizziness, HA, malaise, fatigue, mm weakness, visual disturbances, anorexia, hypokalemia, arrythmias, bradycardia

Board Study (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions