Drugs of Abuse

Question 1

new homeostatic set points that are unmasked in the absense of a drug

Answer 1

withdrawal

Question 2

combination of tolerance, withdrawal, craving, seeking after abatement of acute withdrawal

Answer 2

dependence

Question 3

Affects Cannabinoid receptors – reward, GABA receptors – anxiolytic, NMDA – Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal.

Answer 3

Alcohol

Question 4

Block presynaptic monoamine transporters or reverse direction of DAT, NET, and SERT. Euphoria rapidly goes to aggitation, paranoia, psychosis.

Answer 4

Cocaine and Amphetamines

Question 5

THC – psychoactive component, acts on CB1 – to reinforce consumptive behavior. Tolerance and Withdrawal.

Answer 5

Marijuana

Question 6

Blocks NMDA receptor – anesthesia, amnesia, paranoia, delerium, hallucinations

Answer 6

PCP – Phencyclindine

Question 7

Increases synaptic serotonin – central stimulant that activates reward pathway. Plus hallucinations

Answer 7

MDMA – ecstacy

Question 8

Block adenosine receptors – competetive antagonism increases dopamine and NE release.

Answer 8

Caffeine, Theophylline, Theobromine (methylxanthines)

Question 9

allow adaptation to absense, diagnose and manage medical and psych complications of absence, prepare for long-term rehab.

Answer 9

Detoxification

Question 10

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist – counters sympathetic hyperactivity of withdrawal. Modulates GI absorption and motility.

Answer 10

Clonidine

Question 11

Inhibits acetaldehydrogenase. Causes headache, N/V, and respiratory difficulty when consumine OH.

Answer 11

Disulfiram

Question 12

Opioid antagonist. Causes no euphoria but still doesn’t change cravings or withdrawal. Also useful in EtOH. Monthly IM injection.

Answer 12

Naltrexone

Question 13

Oral Opioid agonist. Once a day. Cross tolerance and abuse liability.

Answer 13

Methadone

Question 14

mu partial agonist. Alleviates withdrawal of abused opioids.

Answer 14

Buprenorphine

Question 15

combination of Buprenorphine and Naltrexone. Daily sub-lingual. Cant get high, but curbs cravings.

Answer 15

Suboxone

Question 16

Nicotinic partial agonist. AE – emotional lability and acute psychosis – contraindicated.

Answer 16

Varenicline

Question 17

Less effective than Naltrexone. Modulates glutamate hyperactivity to reestablish the normal. EtOH

Answer 17

Acamprosate

Question 18

Inhibits reuptake of DA and NE – antidepressant. Smoking cessation.

Answer 18

Bupropion

Question 19

TCA – blocks monoamine reuptake. Reduces Cocaine and amphetamine cravings.

Answer 19

Desipramine

Question 20

selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake – reduce coke and amphetamine cravings

Answer 20

Fluoxetine

Question 21

abstinant addicts with bipolar or psychotic disorders.

Answer 21

mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are usually considered effective.