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Summer Pharm - Exam 2 > Drugs of Abuse > Flashcards

Drugs of Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

reinforcing properties (euphoria and CNS stimulation) is associated w. what NT

A

dopamine

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2
Q

acute intoxication is associated w. what NT

A

opi

GABA

NMDA

5HT

Ach

CB

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3
Q

opioids are agonists at __

CNS depressants enhance __

CNS stimulants block __

A

opioids: mu receptors

CNS depressants enhance: GABA

DA reuptake

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4
Q

2 most addictive drugs

A

cocaine

methamphetamine

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5
Q

nicotine and etoh work on

A

opioid peptides

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6
Q

opiates work on

A

GABA

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7
Q

etoh and benzos work on

A

GABA

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8
Q

nicotine works on

A

DA

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9
Q

etoh works on (3)

A

glutamate from cortex

opioid peptides

GABA

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10
Q

all drugs w. abuse potential enhance __ activity

A

dopamine

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11
Q

what 5 drugs produce euphoria

A

opioids

CNS depressants

CNS stimulants

dissociative anesthetics

cannabinoids

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12
Q

nicotine increases

A

alertness

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13
Q

t/f: the more intense and more direct a drug’s effect on DA release, the greater the addiction potential

A

T!

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14
Q

acute liability is increased w.

A

faster onset of action

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15
Q

__ is correlated w. onset of drug effect

A

route of administration

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16
Q

2 routes of administration w. fastest onset

A

inhalation

IV

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17
Q

what route of admin produces most intense rush-like feeling

A

IV

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18
Q

__ is more effective than oral dt first pass bypass

A

mucous membrane

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19
Q

route of admin useful in tx programs dt least reinforcing route

A

oral

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20
Q

2 routes of admin for nicotine that reduce withdrawal

A

gum

patch

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21
Q

drugs w. __ t½ have higher abuse potential

A

shorter

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22
Q

2 factors related to increased likelihood for loss of control

A

quick offset

frequent admin

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22
Q

2 factors related to increased likelihood for loss of control

A

quick offset

frequent admin

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23
Q

which has a longer half life, heroin or methadone

A

methadone

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24
Q

withdrawal effects are more severe for drugs w. __

bc they must be administered continuously to __

A

shorter t ½

prevent withdrawal

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25
Q

type of drug used for tx strategy

A

long acting w. no antagonist

the more rapidly the target-receptor becomes unoccupied → more severe the withdrawal effects

26
Q

tx for opioid toxicity

27
Q

CNS depressants of abuse

A

ethanol

benzos

barbs

28
Q

tx for:

ethanol toxicity:

benzos:

barbs:

A

etoh: thaiamine
benzos: flumazenil
barbs: supportive

29
Q

tx for CNS stimulants (2)

A

vasodilators

benzos

30
Q

who is at risk for nicotine toxicity

A

insecticide

cigarette ingestion by kids

31
Q

tx for nicotine toxicity

A

CVS support

emetics

gastric lavage

activated charcoal

32
Q

hallucinogens produce effects via __ receptor

33
Q

2 hallucinogens of abuse

A

LSD-psilocybin

MDMA

34
Q

tx for hallucinogen toxicity

A

talk down

bdz

35
Q

risk of MDMA toxicity

A

hyponatremia

36
Q

dissociative anesthetics of abuse

A

phencyclidine (PCP)

ketamine

37
Q

tx for dissociative anesthetic abuse

A

CVS support → avoid hyperthermia

benzos

38
Q

cannabinoids act on __ receptor

39
Q

lessened response at active target site to the same drug concentration

A

pharmacodynamic tolerance

40
Q

tolerance is due to

A

changes in receptor sensitivity

41
Q

change in pharmacokinetics that results in lowered drug Cp at active site

A

metabolic (dispositional) tolerance

increase in metabolism is primary mechanism

42
Q

tolerance develops to one drug → tolerance will be seen w. other drugs of same class

A

cross tolerance

resistance to same target

43
Q

heroin has cross tolerance w.

A

hydrocodone

both mu

44
Q

etoh has cross tolerance w.

A

benzos

both GABA

45
Q

tolerance to opioids develops __

except with what effect

A

rapidly

constipation

46
Q

tolerance to CNS depressants low to high (3)

A

barbs -> develops rapidly

etoh

benzos

47
Q

tolerance to CNS stimulants develop rapidly to __ (3)

but supersensitivity can be seen to __

A

euphoria, anorexia, hyperthermia

paranoia

48
Q

withdrawal sx are seen when

A

drugs stopped abruptly

49
Q

perceived need for a drug (craving) in absence of any physiological dependence or withdrawal phenomena

A

psychological dependence

50
Q

psychological dependence is related to what pathway

A

pathologic learning in reward pathway

51
Q

ability of one drug to suppress withdrawal associated w. physical dependence on another drug

A

cross dependence

52
Q

cross dependence is related to __

rather than __

A

pharm effects at targets

chemical effects

53
Q

overwhelming concern w. use of drug and securing supply

A

extreme compulsive drug use

54
Q

t/f: tolerance and dependence do not necessarily coexist

55
Q

t/f: addiction and physical dependence do not necessarily coexist

56
Q

development of dependence:

opioids:

CNS depressants:

CNS stimulants:

A

opioids: rapidly

CNS depressants: w.in weeks

CNS stimulants: arguable → no physiologic effects w. withdrawal

57
Q

withdrawal effects are generally __ of the acute effects

58
Q

if a drug causes elevated sz threshold, __ can be seen during withdrawal

A

spontaneous sz

59
Q

if a drug relieves fatigue and elevates mood, withdrawal is characterized by

A

lethargy

dpn

60
Q

risk of mortality w. withdrawal:

opioids:

CNS depressants:

A

opioids: rarely life threatening

CNS depressants: significant risk dt sz

61
Q

tx for opioid withdrawal

A

clonidine

methadone

62
Q

tx for CNS depressant withdrawal

A

benzo loading dose → taper

63
Q

tx for CNS stimulants

A

behavioral

Summer Pharm - Exam 2 (12 decks)

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