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Summer Pharm - Exam 2 > CNSDepressants > Flashcards

CNSDepressants Flashcards

1
Q

CNS depressants have __ effect (2)

A

sedative

hypnotic

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2
Q

CNS depressants are __ dependent

A

dose

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3
Q

CNS depressants are unique in that they augment __

and/or

inhibit __

A

GABA inhibition

glutamate excitation

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4
Q

sedative drugs are useful for

A

anxiety d.o

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5
Q

hypnotic drugs are useful for

A

onset and maintenance of sleep → insomnia

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6
Q

GABA binds to receptor and opens __ channels,

which cause __

A

Cl

decreased excitability

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7
Q

3 CNS depressants to know

A

benzos

barbituates

ethanol

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8
Q

which CNS depressant binds to alpha subunit receptors and requires presence of GABA for effect

A

benzos

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9
Q

which CNS depressant binds directly to Cl channel at high doses and does not require GABA

A

barbituates

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10
Q

at low doses, barbituates have similar action to

A

benzos

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11
Q

ethanol has similar action to

A

barbituates

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12
Q

z drugs (sleep drugs) bind to the same site as

A

benzos (alpha subunit)

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13
Q

what drug is an antagonist to z drugs and is used in the tx of benzo toxicity

A

flumazenil

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14
Q

is flumazenil effective for BARB and ethanol toxicity

A

no

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15
Q

uses of benzos

A

anxiolysis → sedation

anticonvulsant

muscle relaxation

hypnosis

anesthesia

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16
Q

what 2 drugs inhibit sz activity in cortical neurons at higher doses

A

benzos

barbituates

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17
Q

drug of choice for status epilepticus

A

benzo → diazepam

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18
Q

all benzos act as __ drugs

A

hypnosis → sleep

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19
Q

__ are used to induce anesthesia

and benzos are used as __ in anesthesia

A

barbituates

adjuncts (amnesia-like)

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20
Q

are benzos capable of anesthesia induction

A

no!

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21
Q

what barbituate is used for anesthesia induction

A

thiopental

22
Q

bad s.e of benzos

A

tolerance

psychological dependence

withdrawal

23
Q

physical dependence is really only a concern w. __ benzo use

A

chronic

24
Q

sx of benzo withdrawal

A

nausea

fatigue

tachycardia

insomnia

dpn

wt loss

25
Q

s.e of benzos w. short half lives, benzos, and etoh

A

increased excitability →

anxiety

tremors

hyperreflexia

convulsions

26
Q

most rapid benzos

A

diazepam

alprazolam

clorazepate

triazolam

27
Q

IM benzo

A

lorazepam

28
Q

benzo w. poor IM bioavailability

A

diazepam

29
Q

distribution of benzos is __

and can terminate CNS effects of single dose

A

rapid

30
Q

benzos that cause daytime sedation dt longer half lives

A

diazepam

chlordiazepoxide

flurazepam

31
Q

benzos w. rapid conjugation and short lived effects

A

alprazolam

triazolam

32
Q

which 2 benzos are metabolized directly to inactive glucoronides

A

lorazepam

oxazepam

33
Q

which 2 benzos are good for elderly and impaired hepatic fxn dt shorter half lives and less residual effects

A

lorazepam

oxazepam

34
Q

__ is a major factor in benzo metabolism (2)

A

age

hepatic fxn

esp phase I rxns

35
Q

why do barbituates have declining use

A

potent CYP450 inducers

many ddi

36
Q

do benzos induce CYP450 enzymes

A

no

37
Q

change in Cp is possible when benzos are given w,

A

cyp450 inducers → barbituates

38
Q

mc adr related to benzos

A

CNS dpn →

daytime sedation

performance impairment

rebound insomnia

39
Q

adr of benzos are mc w.

A

higher doses

longer half lives

40
Q

CNS are more likely in

A

older pt’s

41
Q

what causes rebound insomnia

A

abrupt termination of benzos

42
Q

two drugs w. additive CNS dpn effects when mixed w. benzos

A

etoh

opioid analgesics

43
Q

anterograde amnesia is common w. drugs that

A

enhance GABA neuronal fxn → depress glutamate

44
Q

beneficial use of anterograde amnesia

A

uncomfortable procedures

45
Q

criminal use of anterograde amnesia effect

A

date rape drug → flunitrazepam (rohypnol)

46
Q

benzos are a class __ drug

A

IV

controlled substance

risk for dependence

47
Q

moa for flumazenil (romazicon)

A

specific benzo antagonist

48
Q

clinical use of flumazenil

A

reverses sedative effects of benzos →

od tx

hasten recovery following anesthesia

49
Q

is flumazenil effective for barb or etoh od

A

nope!

just benzos

50
Q

major difference btw z drugs and benzos

A

z drugs only target alpha receptors

Summer Pharm - Exam 2 (12 decks)

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