Drugs in the eyes practical Flashcards
Is this a healthy or unthealthy retina?
healthy retina
What condition looks like this through the opthalascope?
Diabetic retinopathy
Label the parts of this healthy retina.
What condition looks like this through the opthalmascope?
How can you tell?
Papilloedema.
The optic disc is swollen and has moved ‘outwards’ due to the rasied intracranal pressue.
What condition looks like this through the opthalmascope?
How can you tell?
Maliganat hypertension.
Flame haemorrhages are present.
What condition looks like this through the opthalmascope?
How can you tell?
Glaucoma.
The optic disc has cupped ‘inwards’ due to rasied intraocular pressures.
What condition looks like this through the opthalmascope?
How can you tell?
Age related macular degeneration.
Atrophy of the macula leads to permanent loss of cones and rod cells.
What are the names of the two muscles in the eye?
Innervation?
Radial pupillary dilator - sympathetic
Circular pupillary sphincter - parasympathetic
When you want to look at an object close up, what muscle movements take place and how does the lens change?
Ciliary pupillary muscle contracts. (action of paras innervation)
Suspensory ligaments slacken.
Lens relaxes (fat and round) - to bend more light
When you want to look at an object far away / you have no parasympathetic innervation, what muscle movements take place and how does the lens change?
Circular pupillary muscle relaxes.
NO paras innervation e.g. Tropicamide (AcH inhib)
Lens gets stretched as suspensory ligaments tighten.
Lens becomes thin and wide - less light in.
When testing drugs, a clinical trial should be what four things?
- Controlled
- Blinded (ideally doube blinded)
- Randomised
- Crossed over
