Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Olfactory Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 1

Cribiform plate

Smell

Question 2

Optic Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 2

Orbit

Vision

Question 3

Oculomotor Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 3

Superior Orbital Fissure

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
Medial rectus
Parasympathetic to ciliary and sphincter pupillae muscles.

Question 4

Trochlear Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 4

Superior Orbital Fissure

Superior oblique

Question 5

Opthalmic of Trigeminal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 5

Superior Orbital Fissure

Sensory to forehead (upper 1/3 face)

Question 6

Maxillary of Trigeminal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 6

Foramen rotundum

Sensory over maxilla

Question 7

Mandibular of Trigeminal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 7

Foramen ovale

Sensory over mandible
Sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue (lingual nerve)
Motor to muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid & Digastric (anterior belly)

Question 8

Abducent Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 8

Superior Orbital Fissure

Lateral rectus

Question 9

Facial Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 9

Stylomastoid foramen (via int. acoustic meatus)

Muscles of facial expression
Taste to anterior 2/3 tongue (chorda tympani)
Parasympathetic to submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands.
Sensation from external acoustic meatus
Stapedius, Stylohyoid, Digastric (posterior belly)

Question 10

Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 10

Internal acoustic meatus

Balance
Hearing

Question 11

Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 11

Jugular foramen

Taste and sensation to posterior 1/3 tongue.
Parasympathetic to parotid gland
Sensory from carotid body and carotid sinus
Stylopharyngeus muscle.

Question 12

Vagus Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 12

Jugular foramen

Taste from epiglottis.
Sensory and parasympathetic from larynx to midgut.
Palatoglossus, muscles of soft palate, pharynx & larynx.

Question 13

Accessory Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 13

Jugular foramen

SCM and Trapezius

Question 14

Hypoglossal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?

Answer 14

Hypoglossal canal

Muscles of the tongue (extrinsic and intrinsic)

Question 15

What is the consequence of damage to the olfactory nerve?

Answer 15

anosmia = loss of the sense of smell

Question 16

What is the consequence of damage to the optic nerve?

Answer 16

loss of vision

Question 17

What is the consequence of damage to the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 17

ptosis = drooping of the upper eyelid
pupil dilation (remember! Paras normally constricts the pupil)
loss of reflexes

Question 18

What is the consequence of damage to the trochlear nerve?

Answer 18

diplopia = double vision

Question 19

What is the consequence of damage to the opthalmic nerve?

Answer 19

loss of sensation

Question 20

What is the consequence of damage to the maxillary nerve?

Answer 20

loss of sensation

Question 21

What is the consequence of damage to the mandibular nerve?

Answer 21

loss of sensation

paralysis of muscles of mastication

Question 22

What is the consequence of damage to the abducent nerve?

Answer 22

diplopia = double vision

Question 23

What is the consequence of damage to the facial nerve?

Answer 23

paralysis of facial muscles
loss of taste to anterior 2/3 tongue
dry mouth and eye (loss of secretomotor function to glands)

Question 24

What is the consequence of damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Answer 24

hearing loss
tinnitus = ringing in the ear
vertigo = feels as through environment is moving and swirling around

Question 25

What is the consequence of damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 25

loss of sensation and taste to posterior 1/3 tongue

Question 26

What is the consequence of damage to the vagus nerve?

Answer 26

vocal cord paralysis | soft palate devation

Question 27

What is the consequence of damage to the accessory nerve?

Answer 27

paralysis of SCM and trapezius

Question 28

What is the consequence of damage to the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 28

atrophy of ipsilateral tongue muscles

Question 29

Name the three main branches of the opthalmic nerve of trigeminal.

Answer 29

Lacrimal Nasociliary Frontal (splits into supraoribtal and supratrochlear)