Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Olfactory Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Cribiform plate
Smell
Optic Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Orbit
Vision
Oculomotor Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Levator palpebrae superioris Superior rectus Inferior rectus Inferior oblique Medial rectus Parasympathetic to ciliary and sphincter pupillae muscles.
Trochlear Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Superior oblique
Opthalmic of Trigeminal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Sensory to forehead (upper 1/3 face)
Maxillary of Trigeminal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Foramen rotundum
Sensory over maxilla
Mandibular of Trigeminal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Foramen ovale
Sensory over mandible
Sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue (lingual nerve)
Motor to muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid & Digastric (anterior belly)
Abducent Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Superior Orbital Fissure
Lateral rectus
Facial Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Stylomastoid foramen (via int. acoustic meatus)
Muscles of facial expression
Taste to anterior 2/3 tongue (chorda tympani)
Parasympathetic to submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands.
Sensation from external acoustic meatus
Stapedius, Stylohyoid, Digastric (posterior belly)
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Internal acoustic meatus
Balance
Hearing
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Jugular foramen
Taste and sensation to posterior 1/3 tongue.
Parasympathetic to parotid gland
Sensory from carotid body and carotid sinus
Stylopharyngeus muscle.
Vagus Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Jugular foramen
Taste from epiglottis.
Sensory and parasympathetic from larynx to midgut.
Palatoglossus, muscles of soft palate, pharynx & larynx.
Accessory Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Jugular foramen
SCM and Trapezius
Hypoglossal Nerve
Exit from the skull?
What is its function?
Hypoglossal canal
Muscles of the tongue (extrinsic and intrinsic)
What is the consequence of damage to the olfactory nerve?
anosmia = loss of the sense of smell
What is the consequence of damage to the optic nerve?
loss of vision
What is the consequence of damage to the oculomotor nerve?
ptosis = drooping of the upper eyelid pupil dilation (remember! Paras normally constricts the pupil) loss of reflexes
What is the consequence of damage to the trochlear nerve?
diplopia = double vision
What is the consequence of damage to the opthalmic nerve?
loss of sensation
What is the consequence of damage to the maxillary nerve?
loss of sensation
What is the consequence of damage to the mandibular nerve?
loss of sensation
paralysis of muscles of mastication
What is the consequence of damage to the abducent nerve?
diplopia = double vision
What is the consequence of damage to the facial nerve?
paralysis of facial muscles
loss of taste to anterior 2/3 tongue
dry mouth and eye (loss of secretomotor function to glands)
What is the consequence of damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve?
hearing loss
tinnitus = ringing in the ear
vertigo = feels as through environment is moving and swirling around
What is the consequence of damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve?
loss of sensation and taste to posterior 1/3 tongue
What is the consequence of damage to the vagus nerve?
vocal cord paralysis
soft palate devation
What is the consequence of damage to the accessory nerve?
paralysis of SCM and trapezius
What is the consequence of damage to the hypoglossal nerve?
atrophy of ipsilateral tongue muscles
Name the three main branches of the opthalmic nerve of trigeminal.
Lacrimal
Nasociliary
Frontal (splits into supraoribtal and supratrochlear)
