Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 (PCS & Cases 1-6) > Case 6 > Flashcards

Case 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct found?

A

Passes through the midbrain

Connects the third and fourth ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a commissure?

A

Connection of fibres between similar points on left and right sides of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

The largest commissure.

Connects the two cerebral hemispsheres.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Epithalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the neurotransmitter Dopamine found?

A

Neurones of the substantia nigra and Ventral tegmental parts of the midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a fasciculus?

A

A tract or bundle of nerve fibres (axons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the fornix? What does it connect?

A

Tract below the corpus callosum.

Connects hippocampus to mammilary body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What makes up grey matter?

A

Nervous tissue –> cell bodies and dendrites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the hippocampus found?

A

Floor of inferior horn of lateral ventricle in the temporal lobe.

Part of the limbic system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the neurotransmitter serotonin involved in? Where are its cell bodies located?

A

Involved in anti-nociception.

Cell bodies containing 5-HT are found in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the internal capsule? Function?

A

Large mass of white matter lying between the…

Lentiform nucleus, Thalamus and head of Caudate nucleus.

Function - conveys tracts to and from the cerebral cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of microglia?

A

The respond to injury or infection of the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the neurotransmitter Noradrenaline normally found?

A

Neurones in the locus coeruleus of the upper pons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex located? Where does it recieve sensory information from?

A

Parietal lobe

Post central gyrus. Thalamus.

17
Q

Name some special senses.

A

Vision

Hearing

Balance

Taste

Smell

18
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

Large bilateral mass of grey matter in the diencephalon.

Recieves somatosensory, visual and auditory input.

19
Q

What makes up white matter?

A

Nervous tissue composed of mainly myelinated nerve fibres.

20
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for controlling distal musculature and fine skilled movement?

A

Primary motor cortex

21
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for controlling proximal musculature and sequencing of movements?

A

Premotor cortex

22
Q

What part of the brain is involved in initiating and planning movement?

A

Supplementary motor area

23
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for motor sequence learning?

A

Basal Ganglia - it converts a silent movement into an actual movement.

E.g. learning to walk during infancy.

24
Q

What three structures control movement?

A

Motor cortex

Cerebellum

Basal Ganglia

25
Q

Label the apex and the base of the basilar membrane.

State the properties of the base and the apex -

Wide? Narrow? Stif? Floppy?

A

Apex is wide and floppy.

Base is narrow and stiff.

26
Q

What part of the basilar membrane detects HIGH frequency?

What part of the basilar membrane detects LOW frequency?

A

HIGH frequency @ base (bottom)

LOW frequency @ apex (top)

Think opposites!

Low freq waves can travel further than High freq waves.

27
Q

What unit of measurement is sound measured in and what is the range humans can hear?

A

Hertz

20 - 20,000

28
Q

What is the name of the space between:

a) the pericranium and dura mater
b) the arachnoid and dura mater
c) the arachnoid and pia mater

A

a) Extradural space
b) Subdural space
c) Subarachnoid space

29
Q

How many layers of outer hair cells and inner cells are there?

Number of each?

Function?

A

Outer hair cells:

3 layers. 12,000 in total. Cochlear Amplification.

Inner hair cells:

1 layer. 3500 in total. Pitch determination.

30
Q

Where are the two groups og cholinergic neurones found in the brain?

Functions of each group?

A
  1. Substantia Niagra & Subthalamic nucleus in midbrain.

–> stereotype movements.

  1. Forebrain cholinergic neurons.

–> memory

31
Q

The safe exposure time for listening to noise at 85dB is 8 hours.

A 3dB increase = __ reduction in safe exposure time

A

A 3dB rise = reduction in safe exposure time by a half

32
Q

What is the safe exposure time for a person listening to 120dB?

Cacluate it in seconds.

A

120 - 85 = 35dB

35/3 = 11.67

8 / 2^11.67 = hours

hours x 60 x 60 = seconds

roughly 8 seconds.

33
Q

In terms of dB for sound pressure (dB SPL),

what does a 6dB increase mean?

20dB increase mean?

A

6dB increase = doubling in pressure

20dB increase = tenfold increase in pressure (times by 2 ten times)

34
Q

What enzyme converts glutamate into GABA

What enxyme converts glutamine into glutamate?

A

Cystolic glutamic acid decarboxylase

Glutaminase

35
Q

Where are GABA neurones found in the brain?

A

GABA is made in the nucleus accumbens.

36
Q

What is a Stapedectomy?

A

used to treat otosclerosis - insertion of prosthetic stapes to replace calcified stapes causing conductive hearing loss

37
Q

What type of epithelium is the ependymal cells that line the ventricular system?

A

Simple cuboidal ciliated

Year 1 (PCS & Cases 1-6) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions