Drugs in Sport Flashcards
A drug is illegal if it is:
Performance enhancing
Health risk
Violates spirit of sport
WADA
Definitions of Doping & Drugs in Sport
WADA code 2003
Defines doping as the occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping violations
85 countries signed the Copenhagen agreement
Prohibited substance and method list updated every year
List compiled by panel of scientists and extensive consultation
Each new list published on 01/10 and comes into effect 01/01
Classes of Prohibited Substances
In & out of competition - influences adaptation to training
In competition
In & Out of Competition
S0 - Non approved substances
S1 - Anabolic agents
S2 - Peptide hormones, growth factors and mimetics
S3 - Beta 2 agonists
S4 - Hormone and metabolic modulators
S5 - Diuretics and masking agents
In Competition
S6 - Stimulants
S7 - Narcotics
S8 - Cannabinoids
S9 - Glucocorticoids (via specific routes)
How to find if drug is illegal
Global Drug Reference Online
Prohibited Methods
M1 - Manipulation of blood and blood components - enhancement of oxygen transfer
M2 - Chemical and physical manipulation
M3 - Gene and cell doping
Therapeutic Drugs
Glucocorticoids
Beta 2 agonists
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
Glucocorticoids
Used in treatment of overreactive immune system
Anti-inflammatory
Injected into joints to reduce inflammatory response due to damage
Beta 2 agonists
asthma treatment
Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)
Ibuprofen, aspirin
Not on prohibited substances list
Analgesic - pain relief
Anti-pyretic - fever reducing
Anti-inflammatory - in higher doses
Inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, therefore synthesis of prostaglandins, which are important messenger molecules in inflammation
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE)
Application 21 days before event
Application must prove
- impairment of health if prohibited substance withheld
- no additional enhancement of performance
- no reasonable therapeutic alternative
Supplements
A thing added to make a good deficiency or enhancement
Athlete Testing
Coordinated by UKAD in accordance with International Standard for Testing and Investigations (ISTI)
National Registered Testing Pool
All athletes must make themselves available for testing at any place and time
Testing pool athlete must provide whereabouts info in Anti-Doping Administration and Management System (ADAMS)
Regular testing results build Athlete Biological Passport
Athlete Biological Passport
Athlete’s blood scores are plotted in their biological passports
Results are analysed to see if they fall within the normal range for an elite athlete
If these cross the abnormality threshold the passport is referred to experts, who decide if there are grounds for further action
