Drugs in sport Flashcards
Banned substances: Why? Anabolic androgenic steroids.
1) They increase muscle strength and bulk, increase recovery from training and injury, and also promote aggressiveness
2) It has been observed that athletes taking anabolic steroids can perform more frequent high-intensity workouts, although no studies support this effect and no mechanism for it is known.
Banned substances: Why? Diuretics
1) They are used for weight loss in sports with strict weight restrictions.
2) To make the urine weak so other drugs may not be detected in drug tests (masking agent).
Banned substances: Why? Stimulants
1) Increase alertness and decrease fatigue.
2) May over stimulate the sportsman and remove warning signs of fatigue.
Banned substances: Why? Narcotics
Banned because they are used to mask pain. This means that the athlete can continue to train or compete. This may make the injury worse and can cause permanent damage.
Banned substances: Why? β2 agonists
Banned because they have anabolic effect.
Banned substances: Why? Alcohol
Impairs motor coordination and mental confusion.
Banned substances: Why? Corticosteroids
Used for masking injury.
Banned substances: Why? β Blockers
They slow down the heart rate and reduce hand tremor.
What is meant by the term ‘blood doping’?
Administration of blood, RBC or blood products, or artificial oxygen carriers to an athlete. Examples - Autologous / Homologous blood, erythropoietin, perfluorocarbons and plasma expanders. Banned because transfusion of extra blood provides extra oxygen carrying capacity and enhances aerobic performance.
What is meant by ‘sample manipulation’?
Use of pharmacological, chemical or physical means to alter or substitute the body fluid sample taken in a doping control test.
Examples: Catheterisation, Sample substitution, Use of drugs effecting renal excretions, Interference with safe custody of samples.
