DRUGS FOR FINAL Flashcards
1
Q
Simethicone
A
- Colic
- De-foaming agent, claims to help gi discomfort via trapped gas
2
Q
Dicyclomine (bentylol)
A
- Colic
Anti-spasmodic
3
Q
Acetaminophen (Dose)
A
- Analgesic/ antipyretic
- 10-15mg/kg every 4-6 hours (max 75mg/kg/day)
4
Q
Ibuprofen (dose)
A
- Analgesic/ antipyretic
- 5-10mg/kg every 6-8 hours (max 40mg/kg/day)
5
Q
Pseudoephedrine
A
Oral decongestant
- noradrenalin-mediated decongestion through alpha receptors (causing them to shrink and not be as leaky)
6
Q
Phenylpropanolamine (not used anymore)
A
- Oral decongestant
- noradrenalin-mediated decongestion through alpha receptors (causing them to shrink and not be as leaky)
7
Q
Phenylephrine
A
- Oral decongestant
- noradrenalin-mediated decongestion through alpha receptors (causing them to shrink and not be as leaky)
- Is effected by MAO
8
Q
Oxymetazoline
A
- Topical decongestant
9
Q
Xylometazoline
A
- Topical decongestant
10
Q
DM
A
- Cough suppressant (centrally acting)
11
Q
Codeine
A
- Cough suppressant (centrally acting)
- Effected by 2D6
12
Q
Diphenhydramine
A
- 1st gen antihistamine
- Also has Cough suppressant (centrally acting) through anti cholinergic effects
13
Q
Honey
A
- Locally acting cough suppressant
14
Q
Menthol/ camphor
A
- Locally acting cough suppressant
- Hits cool receptors
15
Q
Guaifenesin
A
- Expectorant
- Locally acting through stimulating the goblet cells in esophagus
16
Q
Hydrocodone (DH)
A
- Cough suppressant (centrally acting)
17
Q
3 types of first gen antihistamines
A
- promethazine > ethanolamines> alkylamines
18
Q
Chlorpheniramine
A
First gen antihistamine
19
Q
Triprolidine
A
First gen antihistamine
20
Q
Fexofenadine
A
2nd gen antihistamine
21
Q
Cetirizine
A
2nd gen antihistamine
22
Q
Loratadine
A
2nd gen antihistamine
23
Q
Menthol 2 different % and what they are
A
- <1% anti-pruritic
>1% counter irritant
24
Q
Hydrocortisone
A
Topical steroid (low potency)
25
Clobetasol
- Topical steroid around 4 on potency scale
Spectro eczema
26
Calcineurin inhibitors
Can be used in eczema after steroids
27
Lidocaine
Numbing agent
28
Mupirocin
Used to treat impetigo (5-7 days)or folliculitis (7-14 days)
29
Fusidic acid (add time period)
Used to treat impetigo (7-14 days)or folliculitis (7-14 days)
30
Montelukast
Leukotriene antagonist
31
GBH/lindane
- pediculicides
- Treatment for lice
Off market now
32
Pyrethins (+ piperonyl butoxide)
- pediculicides
Used in lice/ pubic lice
33
Permethrin 1%
- pediculicides
- Used for lice
Synthetic pyrethroid
34
SH-206
- Physical lice agent
Not used anymore (ahead of its time)
35
Isopropyl myristate
Physical lice agent
36
Coconut/ anise oil
Physical lice agent
37
Dimethicone
Physical lice agent
38
What are all of the agents used in lice treatment (both physical and pediculicides
a) physical
-isopropyl myristate
-coconut/anise oil
-dimethicone
b)pediculicides
- GBH/lindane
- Permethrin 1%
- pyrethins
39
What is NYDA
- Dimethicone
- 30 minutes of contact, nit pick and leave in for 8 hours then wash out and recheck in 8-10 days
40
Salicylic acid 0.5-2%
- Acne/ dandruff
- Keratolytic (softening agent)
41
Benzoyl peroxide
- Acne
- Antibacterial
42
Topical retinoids
- Acne
- Decrease cohesiveness of follicular wall/ increase penetration of other agents
43
Adapalene
- Topical retinoid
- Least potent/ irritating
- Category c with pregnancy's
44
Tretinoin
- Topical retinoid
- Most photosentive
- Category x in pregnancy
45
Tazarotene
- Topical retinoid
- Most potent (more for psoriasis)
46
Clindamycin
- Topical antibiotic (antibacterial, used for inflammatory acne)
47
Erythromycin
- Topical antibiotic (antibacterial, used for inflammatory acne)
48
Tetracycline
- Oral antibiotic
49
Minocycline
- Oral antibiotic
50
Doxycycline
- Oral antibiotic
51
Isotretinoin (dose)
- Oral retinoid
- 0.5-1mg/kg for 12-16 weeks
52
Oral contraceptives within this class
- Can aid with acne
- If androgen/ progesterone are high can make it worse
53
Coal tar
- Cytostatic (slow down the renewal of skin rate)
54
Selenium sulfide
- Cytostatic/ antifungal
Used in dandruff/seborrhea
55
Zinc pyrithione
- Cytostatic/ antifungal
Used in dandruff/seborrhea
56
Ciclopirox
- Cytostatic/ antifungal
- Used in dandruff/ seborrhea/ Tinea
- Rx
57
Pimercroliums cream
- Second line therapy usually for eczema but also seborrhea
58
Ketoconazole
- Antifungal
- 2% cream
- Rx
59
Tolnaftate
Antifungal OTC
60
Clotrimazole
- Antifungal
- 1% tinea/ vaginitis (also diaper rash)
- OTC
61
Miconazole
- Antifungal
- 2% tinea/ vaginitis (also diaper rash)
- OTC
62
Terbinafine 1%
- Rx antifungal
- OD for 7 days
63
What are the OTC and Rx drugs used in tinea infections of the skin
a) OTC (3-4 weeks + 1 week)
- Tolnaftate 1%
- Clotrimazole 1%
- Miconazole 2%
b) Rx
- Terbinafine 1% (7 days OD)
- Ketoconazole 2%
64
What are the main acne treatments (7)
-salicylic acid
-bp
-topical retinoids
-topical antibiotics
- oral antibiotics
- oral retinoids
- birth control
65
Propylene glycol/urea/ lactic acid
- Rx antifungal used in onychomycosis
66
Efinaconazole 10%
- Rx antifungal used in onychomycosis
67
treatment of Vulvovaginal candidiasis (OTC and Rx)
a) OTC
- Clotrimazole
- Miconazole
- Fluconazole oral
- Boric acid
b) Rx
- Terconazole
- Topical nystatin
68
Clotrimazole (dosing for VVC)
- Antifungal for tinea/ vaginitis….
- vaginal tab: 500mg vaginal tab for 1 dose or 200 mg vaginal tablet for 3 nights
- 1% topical cream: 1 applicator full of vaginal cream PV at bedtime for 7 days or 2% cream for 3 days, or 10% cream for 1 day
69
Miconazole (dosing VVC)
- Antifungal for tinea/ VVC…
-Vaginal tablet: 100mg HS for 7 days, 400mg HS for 3 nights, or 1200mg HS for 1 dose
-2% topical cream: 1 applicatorful vaginal cream PV at bedtime for 7 days (4% cream for 3 days)
70
Fluconazole oral (and normal dosing)
- Antifungal for VVC
- 1 dose 150 mg
Not used in pregnancy/ under 12
71
Boric acid
- Used for treatment of VVC
- 600mg od-bid for 14-28 days
72
Terconazole
- 0.4% Rx treatment of VVC for 7 days
73
Topical nystatin
- 100,000 units for 2 weeks s
- Rx treatment of VVC
74
How to treat a recurrent infection of VVC and dosing
a) Fluconazole
- 150mg PO once every 3 days for 3 doses
b) Boric acid
- 300mg - 600mg cap placed in vagina once a day for 14 days
75
Treatment of VVC during pregnancy
a) Oral fluconazole as single dose
- Should most likely avoided
- Shows that 50% increased risk of miscarriage in first trimester…
b) Topical or vaginal azole for 7 days
- Clotrimazole, miconazole
- Systemic absorption is minimal (little risk to bay)
- 7> 3 days
c) Topical nystatin
- 100,000 units intravaginal daily for 2 weeks
- No associated risk observed
76
Metronidazole (and dosing)
- Rx Treatment of bacteria vaginitis/ trichomoniasis
a) Bacteria vaginitis
- 500 mg PO BID for 7 days
- Metronidazole gel 0.75%: one applicator (5g) once a day vaginally for 5 days
b) Trichomoniasis
- Metronidazole: 2 g PO in a single dose
- Metronidazole: 500mg PO BID for 7 days
77
Clindamycin cream 2%
- Rx treatment of bacteria vaginitis
- one applicator (5g) once a day vaginally for 7 days
78
Betadine
- Antiseptic
- Used in minor cuts sometimes
79
Iodine
- Antiseptic
80
Bacitracin
- Gram positive polysporin
81
Gramicidin
- Gram positive polysporin
82
Polymyxin
- Gram negative polysporin
83
Medihoney
- Used as a bandage when they don’t think antibiotics will work
84
Benzocaine
- Anesthetic
85
Topical diclofenac 0.1%-0.25%
- Used in sunburn treatment
- Reduces inflammation/pain
- NSAID
86
Calamine
- Antipruritic
87
DTP vaccine
- Vaccine for tetanus
88
Whats in an epi pen
- Epinephrine
89
Icaridin 20%
- Drug of choice for insect repellant in kids
90
DEET
- Bug repellant
91
Minoxidil
- Rogaine (used for androgenic alopecia)
- 2-5% 1 ml BID to dry scalp for 4 hours of contact
92
Finasteride (dosing)
- MAO is type II alpha reductase inhibitor (less testosterone loss to DHT)
a) hair loss
- 1mg
b) BPH
- 5mg
