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153 > Colds 7.3 > Flashcards

Colds 7.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where can you take normal temperature and what are the temperatures (Celsius)

A

A) Rectum: 37.5
B) Mouth: 37
C) Armpit: 36.5
D) Ear: 37.5

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2
Q

Is a fever as the sole symptom worry some

A
  • No unless very high or in an infant
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3
Q

What are causes of fever

A
  • Virus
    • Bacterial infection
    • Heat exhaustion
    • Some conditions
    • Malignant tumor
      Some meds/ immunizations
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4
Q

Symptoms of fever

A
  • Sweating
    • Chills and shivers
    • Headache
    • Muscle aches
    • Loss of appetite
    • Weakness
    • Dehydration
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5
Q

What is the recommended method of measurement for <2y, 2-5, >5

A

a) <2: 1st choice: rectum (for accuracy), 2nd choice: armpit
b) 2-5: 1st: rectum, 2ndL ear, armpit
c) >5: 1st: mouth, 2nd: ear, armpit

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6
Q

Pros and cons of digital ear thermometers

A

a) Pros: quick and comfortable when used proper, good for use in >6months
b) Cons: arent good for newborns, earwax or small ears can interfere with accuracy

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7
Q

Temporal artery thermometers pros/ cons

A

a) Pros: read quickly and easily tolerated, good for >3 months and maybe newborns, most accurate alternative to rectal
b) Cons: may be more expensive

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8
Q

How to use a rectum thermometer in child

A
  • Most reliable way to ensure fever is not missed, Show a video is better then words
    • Clean-> cover the silver tip with petroleum-> place baby on back with knees bent-> gently insert thermometer in rectum about 1 inch in-> remove, read temp and clean
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9
Q

How to use oral thermometer in child

A
  • Not recommended in <5y
    • Clean-> put the tip under childs tongue -> close mouth and keep in mouth for about 1 minute until hear beep-> remove, read temp and clean thermometer
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10
Q

When to treat a fever in <3 mo, 3mo-2y, >2y

A

a) <3mo: any fever refer to MD
b) 3mo - 2 y: less then 39C no need to treat,
- Greater then 39C treat and seek md if longer then a day
c) >2y: less then 39C no need to treat
Greater then 39C treat and seek MD if longer then 3days

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11
Q

What is considered a high fever

A

> 39.5 C

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12
Q

Treatment of fever

A

a) Non pharmaceutical
- If cold warm the child to increase comfort
- Wait to give any cooling measures until fever is not rising anymore
- Don’t use cold on febrile child
- Keep comfortable
b) Pharmaceutic
- Acetaminophen or ibuprofen
- Do not give ASA (aspirin)

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13
Q

Should you give children and teenagers ASA

A

no don’t give under 18

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14
Q

Children dosing of acetaminophen

A
  • 10-15mg/kg every 4-6H
    • Max 75 mg/kg/day
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15
Q

What is more important either in dosing weight or age

A

Weight

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16
Q

What does ibuprofen do

A
  • Is an NSAID and reduces pain and fever
    • Relief can be expected in 30 minutes
17
Q

Ibuprofen children dosing

A

a) Children over 6 mo: 5-10mg/kg every 6-8 hour(say 8 hours)
- Max 40 mg/kg day
b) Children under 6 months: 5mg/kg/ every 8 hours
- Don’t often make recommendations under 6 months but age limit goes down to 4 months

18
Q

Is ibuprofen better then acetaminophen for the stomach

A
  • At otc levels they are very similar
19
Q

Adverse side effects of ibup and acet

A

Nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, heartburn

20
Q

What is ASA

A
  • Asprin
    • Don’t give under 18 years as link to reyes syndrom
21
Q

Is naproxen used for fever in canada

A
  • No its not
22
Q

Do you need to treat a fever

A
  • If a parent is coming in to the pharmacy, let them know they don’t need to but help them if they want
23
Q

What is fever phobia

A

There is many unrealistic and exaggerated misconceptions with children who have a fever such as seizure, brain damage or even death

24
Q

Can you use both ibprofen and acetaminophen at the same time

A
  • Yes you can acet works centrally and ibu works peripherally
    • Can lead to dosing errors tho
      a) Alternative
    b) Simultaeously
    - Can add an acet dose on each ibup dose
    - Acet can be taken every 4-6 hours
25
Q

Can you use antipyretics for pain of vaccinations

A
  • Fevers from vaccines begin within 24 hours and can last 1-2 days
    • Some people believe that there is a reduction in antibody response if you use an antipyretic after vaccination, some don’t and some maybe
    • Sask health says to wait 6-8 hours after immunization if child is uncomfortable, refusing fluids or not sleeping
26
Q

What are febrile seizures

A
  • Convulsions that can happen when a child has a fever above 38C
    • Febrile means feverish
    • They are scare but generally harmless
27
Q

What to do if your child has a febrile seizure

A
  • Stay calm
    • Place child on floor or ground
    • Remove any nearby objects
    • Place your child on there side to prevent choking
    • Loosen any clothing around the head and neck
    • Watch for signs of breathing problems
28
Q

After a febrile seizure can you give an antipyretic

A
  • Yes give the normal dose of acet or ibu
29
Q

Do antipyretics prevent febrile convulsions

A
  • No evidence

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