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PM3B > Drugs for diseases > Flashcards

Drugs for diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the indication of Cabergoline

A

Dopamine antagonist used in prolactinoma

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2
Q

What is bromocriptine used for

A

Dopamine antagonist used in prolactinoma

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3
Q

What is Somatotropin used for

A

Dwarfism

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4
Q

What is Lanreotide used for

A

Gigantism

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5
Q

What is Octreotide used for

A

Gigantism

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6
Q

What is pegvisomat used for

A

acromegaly

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7
Q

What is desmopressin used for

A

ADH analog used in diabetes insipidus

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8
Q

What is Democlocycline used for

A

SIADH (too much ADH)

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9
Q

What is Fluorocortisol used for

A

Addisons Disease

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10
Q

What is Levothyroxine used for

A

Deficiency in T4

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11
Q

what is liothyroxine used for

A

Deficiency in T3

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12
Q

what is carbinozole used for

A

thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor

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13
Q

what is propylthiouracil used for

A

thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor

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14
Q

What type of drug is Pioglitazones

A

Thiozoidinediones
Insulin sensitizers

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15
Q

What type of drug is Metformin

A

Biguinide
Insulin sensitizer

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16
Q

What are the two types of insulin secretagogues

A

Sulphonylureas (gen1 + gen2)
meglitinides

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17
Q

What type of drug is tolbutamide

A

sulphonylureas
1st gen insulin secretagogue

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18
Q

What type of drug is gilbenclamide

A

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

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19
Q

what type of drug is gliclazide

A

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

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20
Q

What type of drug is glimeperide

A

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

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21
Q

what type of drug is glipizide

A

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

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22
Q

Explain mode of action of sulphonylureas

A

only works if beta cells able to produce

  • bind to close atp sensitive K+ channels on cell membrane
  • prevents k+ exiting
  • depolarization
  • intracellular calcium rises leading to fusion of insulin granules

-increases production of mature insulin

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23
Q

side effects of sulphonylureas

A

weight gain
sustained hypoglycaemia
hepatic imapirment
rash
blood disorders

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24
Q

contraindications of sulphonylureas

A

anything that can increase risk of hypoglycaemia

25
Q

what are the risks of a contraindication for sulphonyl ureas

A

severe renal impairment
hepatic impairment
ketoacidosis
acute porphyria

26
Q

What are 3 types of meglitinides

A

repaglinide
nateglinide
mitiglinide

27
Q

what is the an example of a repaglinide

A

prandin

28
Q

what is an example of a nateglinide

A

starlix

29
Q

what is an example of mitiglinide

A

glufast

30
Q

what is the mode of action of meglitinides

A

bind to close atp sensitive K+ channels on cell wall

K+ cant exit so increases

depolarizes ca2+ channels

intracellular calcium increases

fusion of insulin granules with the beta cells membrane leading to insulin production

31
Q

side effects of meglitinides

A

hypoglycaemia
less snackin

32
Q

what type of drug is ACARBOSE

A

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

33
Q

moa of acarbose

A
  • Reduces glucose uptake in the stomach

○ By inhibiting alpha glucosidase, an enzyme that releases glucose from carbohydrates

  • This slows digestion and absorption of glucose after a meal

`* Reducing post prandial peak in blood glucose
Stabilising blood glucose throughout the day

34
Q

What is allogliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor

35
Q

what is linagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor

36
Q

What is saxagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor

37
Q

what is sitagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor

38
Q

what is vildagliptin

A

DPP4 inhibitor

39
Q

what is the mode of action of DPP4 inhibitor

A
  • In the GI tract
    ○ Slows digestion, absorption of nutrients & gastric emptying
    ○ This moderates blood glucose levels and blunts blood glucose fluctuations
  • In the pancreas
    ○ Stimulates insulin release from β cells
    ○ Suppresses glucagon release from 𝝰 cells
  • In the muscles and cells
    ○ ↑ glucose uptake
  • In the liver
    ○ ↓ breakdown of glycogen to blood glucose

This also reduces appetite

  • By inhibiting DDP4, GLP-1 degradation decreases which leads to increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion
40
Q

What is Exenatide

A

GLP1 analogues

41
Q

What is dulagtide

A

GLP1 analogues

42
Q

What is liraglutide

A

GLP1 analogues

43
Q

What is semaglutide (only oral glp1 analog)

A

GLP1 analogues

44
Q

What is the mode of action of a glp1 analogoues

A

Bind to glp1 receptor
Beta cells increase insulin production
alpha cells decrease glucagon production
promotes weight loss due to slow gastric emptying

45
Q

What is the side effects of GLP1 Analogoues

A

hypersensitivity
ketoacidosis
pancreatitis
hepatic impairment
renal impairment

46
Q

Why semaglutide given orally

A

long halflife
low molecular weight
high potency

47
Q

what type of drug is gliflozins

A

Inhibitor of renal glucose unptake

48
Q

what type of drug is canagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

49
Q

what type of drug is dapagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

50
Q

what type of drug is empagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

51
Q

what type of drug is empagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

52
Q

what type of drug is ertugliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibitor

53
Q

What is the mode of action of SGLT2 Inhibitor

A
  • SGLT2 inhibitors do not target insulin mediated glucose control pathways
  • SGLT2 is responsible for 90% of glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule

This increases the amount of glucose excreted in the Urine.

54
Q

What are the side effects of SGLT2 Inhibitor

A

Vulvo-Vaginitis
Balanoposthitis
UTI
Gangrene
Renal impairment
GI disturbances

55
Q

1st step in managing type 2

A

diet
exercise
smoking cessation
alcohol cessataion
anxiety + depression management

56
Q

What is the 1st step in treating type 2

A

metformin
DPP4
SGL2

57
Q

2nd step in treating type 2

A

metformin + DPP4 inhibitor
- e.g. metformin + pioglitazone

if metforming contraindicated, innefective

give DPP 4 inhib plus pioglitazone

58
Q

3rd step in treatment

A

tripple therapy

  • met + dpp4 + sulphonylurea
    -met + pioglitazone + sulphonylurea

PM3B (6 decks)

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