Drugs for diseases Flashcards
What is the indication of Cabergoline
Dopamine antagonist used in prolactinoma
What is bromocriptine used for
Dopamine antagonist used in prolactinoma
What is Somatotropin used for
Dwarfism
What is Lanreotide used for
Gigantism
What is Octreotide used for
Gigantism
What is pegvisomat used for
acromegaly
What is desmopressin used for
ADH analog used in diabetes insipidus
What is Democlocycline used for
SIADH (too much ADH)
What is Fluorocortisol used for
Addisons Disease
What is Levothyroxine used for
Deficiency in T4
what is liothyroxine used for
Deficiency in T3
what is carbinozole used for
thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor
what is propylthiouracil used for
thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor
What type of drug is Pioglitazones
Thiozoidinediones
Insulin sensitizers
What type of drug is Metformin
Biguinide
Insulin sensitizer
What are the two types of insulin secretagogues
Sulphonylureas (gen1 + gen2)
meglitinides
What type of drug is tolbutamide
sulphonylureas
1st gen insulin secretagogue
What type of drug is gilbenclamide
sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue
what type of drug is gliclazide
sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue
What type of drug is glimeperide
sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue
what type of drug is glipizide
sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue
Explain mode of action of sulphonylureas
only works if beta cells able to produce
- bind to close atp sensitive K+ channels on cell membrane
- prevents k+ exiting
- depolarization
- intracellular calcium rises leading to fusion of insulin granules
-increases production of mature insulin
side effects of sulphonylureas
weight gain
sustained hypoglycaemia
hepatic imapirment
rash
blood disorders
contraindications of sulphonylureas
anything that can increase risk of hypoglycaemia
what are the risks of a contraindication for sulphonyl ureas
severe renal impairment
hepatic impairment
ketoacidosis
acute porphyria
What are 3 types of meglitinides
repaglinide
nateglinide
mitiglinide
what is the an example of a repaglinide
prandin
what is an example of a nateglinide
starlix
what is an example of mitiglinide
glufast
what is the mode of action of meglitinides
bind to close atp sensitive K+ channels on cell wall
K+ cant exit so increases
depolarizes ca2+ channels
intracellular calcium increases
fusion of insulin granules with the beta cells membrane leading to insulin production
side effects of meglitinides
hypoglycaemia
less snackin
what type of drug is ACARBOSE
alpha glucosidase inhibitor
moa of acarbose
- Reduces glucose uptake in the stomach
○ By inhibiting alpha glucosidase, an enzyme that releases glucose from carbohydrates
- This slows digestion and absorption of glucose after a meal
`* Reducing post prandial peak in blood glucose
Stabilising blood glucose throughout the day
What is allogliptin
DPP4 inhibitor
what is linagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor
What is saxagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor
what is sitagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor
what is vildagliptin
DPP4 inhibitor
what is the mode of action of DPP4 inhibitor
- In the GI tract
○ Slows digestion, absorption of nutrients & gastric emptying
○ This moderates blood glucose levels and blunts blood glucose fluctuations - In the pancreas
○ Stimulates insulin release from β cells
○ Suppresses glucagon release from 𝝰 cells - In the muscles and cells
○ ↑ glucose uptake - In the liver
○ ↓ breakdown of glycogen to blood glucose
This also reduces appetite
- By inhibiting DDP4, GLP-1 degradation decreases which leads to increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion
What is Exenatide
GLP1 analogues
What is dulagtide
GLP1 analogues
What is liraglutide
GLP1 analogues
What is semaglutide (only oral glp1 analog)
GLP1 analogues
What is the mode of action of a glp1 analogoues
Bind to glp1 receptor
Beta cells increase insulin production
alpha cells decrease glucagon production
promotes weight loss due to slow gastric emptying
What is the side effects of GLP1 Analogoues
hypersensitivity
ketoacidosis
pancreatitis
hepatic impairment
renal impairment
Why semaglutide given orally
long halflife
low molecular weight
high potency
what type of drug is gliflozins
Inhibitor of renal glucose unptake
what type of drug is canagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
what type of drug is dapagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
what type of drug is empagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
what type of drug is empagliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
what type of drug is ertugliflozin
SGLT2 inhibitor
What is the mode of action of SGLT2 Inhibitor
- SGLT2 inhibitors do not target insulin mediated glucose control pathways
- SGLT2 is responsible for 90% of glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule
This increases the amount of glucose excreted in the Urine.
What are the side effects of SGLT2 Inhibitor
Vulvo-Vaginitis
Balanoposthitis
UTI
Gangrene
Renal impairment
GI disturbances
1st step in managing type 2
diet
exercise
smoking cessation
alcohol cessataion
anxiety + depression management
What is the 1st step in treating type 2
metformin
DPP4
SGL2
2nd step in treating type 2
metformin + DPP4 inhibitor
- e.g. metformin + pioglitazone
if metforming contraindicated, innefective
give DPP 4 inhib plus pioglitazone
3rd step in treatment
tripple therapy
- met + dpp4 + sulphonylurea
-met + pioglitazone + sulphonylurea
