Drugs for diseases

Question 1

What is the indication of Cabergoline

Answer 1

Dopamine antagonist used in prolactinoma

Question 2

What is bromocriptine used for

Answer 2

Dopamine antagonist used in prolactinoma

Question 3

What is Somatotropin used for

Answer 3

Dwarfism

Question 4

What is Lanreotide used for

Answer 4

Gigantism

Question 5

What is Octreotide used for

Answer 5

Gigantism

Question 6

What is pegvisomat used for

Answer 6

acromegaly

Question 7

What is desmopressin used for

Answer 7

ADH analog used in diabetes insipidus

Question 8

What is Democlocycline used for

Answer 8

SIADH (too much ADH)

Question 9

What is Fluorocortisol used for

Answer 9

Addisons Disease

Question 10

What is Levothyroxine used for

Answer 10

Deficiency in T4

Question 11

what is liothyroxine used for

Answer 11

Deficiency in T3

Question 12

what is carbinozole used for

Answer 12

thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor

Question 13

what is propylthiouracil used for

Answer 13

thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor

Question 14

What type of drug is Pioglitazones

Answer 14

Thiozoidinediones
Insulin sensitizers

Question 15

What type of drug is Metformin

Answer 15

Biguinide
Insulin sensitizer

Question 16

What are the two types of insulin secretagogues

Answer 16

Sulphonylureas (gen1 + gen2)
meglitinides

Question 17

What type of drug is tolbutamide

Answer 17

sulphonylureas
1st gen insulin secretagogue

Question 18

What type of drug is gilbenclamide

Answer 18

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

Question 19

what type of drug is gliclazide

Answer 19

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

Question 20

What type of drug is glimeperide

Answer 20

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

Question 21

what type of drug is glipizide

Answer 21

sulphonylureas
2nd gen insulin secretagogue

Question 22

Explain mode of action of sulphonylureas

Answer 22

only works if beta cells able to produce

• bind to close atp sensitive K+ channels on cell membrane
• prevents k+ exiting
• depolarization
• intracellular calcium rises leading to fusion of insulin granules

-increases production of mature insulin

Question 23

side effects of sulphonylureas

Answer 23

weight gain
sustained hypoglycaemia
hepatic imapirment
rash
blood disorders

Question 24

contraindications of sulphonylureas

Answer 24

anything that can increase risk of hypoglycaemia

Question 25

what are the risks of a contraindication for sulphonyl ureas

Answer 25

severe renal impairment hepatic impairment ketoacidosis acute porphyria

Question 26

What are 3 types of meglitinides

Answer 26

repaglinide nateglinide mitiglinide

Question 27

what is the an example of a repaglinide

Answer 27

prandin

Question 28

what is an example of a nateglinide

Answer 28

starlix

Question 29

what is an example of mitiglinide

Answer 29

glufast

Question 30

what is the mode of action of meglitinides

Answer 30

bind to close atp sensitive K+ channels on cell wall K+ cant exit so increases depolarizes ca2+ channels intracellular calcium increases fusion of insulin granules with the beta cells membrane leading to insulin production

Question 31

side effects of meglitinides

Answer 31

hypoglycaemia less snackin

Question 32

what type of drug is ACARBOSE

Answer 32

alpha glucosidase inhibitor

Question 33

moa of acarbose

Answer 33

* Reduces glucose uptake in the stomach ○ By inhibiting alpha glucosidase, an enzyme that releases glucose from carbohydrates * This slows digestion and absorption of glucose after a meal `* Reducing post prandial peak in blood glucose Stabilising blood glucose throughout the day

Question 34

What is allogliptin

Answer 34

DPP4 inhibitor

Question 35

what is linagliptin

Answer 35

DPP4 inhibitor

Question 36

What is saxagliptin

Answer 36

DPP4 inhibitor

Question 37

what is sitagliptin

Answer 37

DPP4 inhibitor

Question 38

what is vildagliptin

Answer 38

DPP4 inhibitor

Question 39

what is the mode of action of DPP4 inhibitor

Answer 39

* In the GI tract ○ Slows digestion, absorption of nutrients & gastric emptying ○ This moderates blood glucose levels and blunts blood glucose fluctuations * In the pancreas ○ Stimulates insulin release from β cells ○ Suppresses glucagon release from 𝝰 cells * In the muscles and cells ○ ↑ glucose uptake * In the liver ○ ↓ breakdown of glycogen to blood glucose This also reduces appetite * By inhibiting DDP4, GLP-1 degradation decreases which leads to increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion

Question 40

What is Exenatide

Answer 40

GLP1 analogues

Question 41

What is dulagtide

Answer 41

GLP1 analogues

Question 42

What is liraglutide

Answer 42

GLP1 analogues

Question 43

What is semaglutide (only oral glp1 analog)

Answer 43

GLP1 analogues

Question 44

What is the mode of action of a glp1 analogoues

Answer 44

Bind to glp1 receptor Beta cells increase insulin production alpha cells decrease glucagon production promotes weight loss due to slow gastric emptying

Question 45

What is the side effects of GLP1 Analogoues

Answer 45

hypersensitivity ketoacidosis pancreatitis hepatic impairment renal impairment

Question 46

Why semaglutide given orally

Answer 46

long halflife low molecular weight high potency

Question 47

what type of drug is gliflozins

Answer 47

Inhibitor of renal glucose unptake

Question 48

what type of drug is canagliflozin

Answer 48

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 49

what type of drug is dapagliflozin

Answer 49

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 50

what type of drug is empagliflozin

Answer 50

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 51

what type of drug is empagliflozin

Answer 51

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 52

what type of drug is ertugliflozin

Answer 52

SGLT2 inhibitor

Question 53

What is the mode of action of SGLT2 Inhibitor

Answer 53

* SGLT2 inhibitors do not target insulin mediated glucose control pathways * SGLT2 is responsible for 90% of glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule This increases the amount of glucose excreted in the Urine.

Question 54

What are the side effects of SGLT2 Inhibitor

Answer 54

Vulvo-Vaginitis Balanoposthitis UTI Gangrene Renal impairment GI disturbances

Question 55

1st step in managing type 2

Answer 55

diet exercise smoking cessation alcohol cessataion anxiety + depression management

Question 56

What is the 1st step in treating type 2

Answer 56

metformin DPP4 SGL2

Question 57

2nd step in treating type 2

Answer 57

metformin + DPP4 inhibitor - e.g. metformin + pioglitazone if metforming contraindicated, innefective give DPP 4 inhib plus pioglitazone

Question 58

3rd step in treatment

Answer 58

tripple therapy - met + dpp4 + sulphonylurea -met + pioglitazone + sulphonylurea