Drugs causing nephrotoxicity

Question 1

Common risk factors of nephrotoxicity with use of possibly nephrotoxic drugs

Answer 1

Old age
Dehydration
Pre-existing kidney disease
HF
Liver disease
Hypoalbuminemia

Question 2

Drugs that can cause prerenal azotemia

Answer 2

Diuretics with/without antihypertensives
ACE inhibitors
Immunosuppressants
NSAIDs
Radiocontrast agents
Anticoagulants and thrombolytics

Question 3

Drug class that can cause prerenal azotemia by causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles

Answer 3

NSAIDs

Question 4

Drugs that can cause acute interstitial nephritis, a intrarenal azotemia

Answer 4

Penicillins
NSAIDs
Cephalosporins
Quinolones
H2 receptor antagonists
PPI

Question 5

Drugs that can cause acute tubular necrosis, a intrarenal azotemia

Answer 5

Aminoglycosides
Amphotericin
Foscarnet
Tenofovir
Cisplatin

Question 6

Drug that accumulates in proximal tubular cells lysozymes in the kidney which may lead to acute tubular necrosis

Answer 6

Aminoglycosides

Question 7

Drugs that can cause glomerular diseases and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, a intrarenal azotemia

Answer 7

D-penicillamine
Hydralazine
Propylthiouracil

Question 8

Drugs that can post-renal azotemia via intratubular obstruction and crystal formation

Answer 8

Acyclovir
Indinavir
Methotrexate
Sulfonamides

Question 9

Drugs that can cause rhabdomyolysis leading to myoglobin in urine and iron damage to the kidney

Answer 9

Statins and fibrates
Zidovudine
Antipsychotics
Azathioprine
Lithium