Drugs and the endocrine system

Question 1

What is the most common drug for treating HYPERthyroidism?

Answer 1

Carbimazole

Question 2

What would be the reason for not using carbimazole?

Answer 2

If the patient is intolerant

Question 3

What is the active form of carbimazole?

Answer 3

Methimazole

Question 4

What do patients with hypothyroidism need?

Answer 4

A thyroxine substitute (levothyroxine)

Question 5

When should levothyroxine not be used?

Answer 5

During pregnancy

Question 6

Glucocorticoids must be widthdrawn…

Answer 6

Gradually

Question 7

What does the combined oral contraceptive pill sometimes interact with?

Answer 7

Hepatic enzyme inducers (would reduce effectiveness)

Question 8

Hypothyroidism can be caused by…

Answer 8

Iodine deficiency

Question 9

Does calcitonin increase or decrease plasma Ca+ levels?

Answer 9

Decreases

Question 10

Does calcitrol increase or decrease plasma Ca+ levels?

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

What does parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 11

Promotes Ca+ reabsorption from the kidney

Question 12

Calcium circulates in the…

Answer 12

Plasma

Question 13

Ergocaliferol can be used to treat…

Answer 13

Hypocalcaemia (it is a synthesised Vit D)

Question 14

Name two treatments for HYPERcalcaemia

Answer 14

Biphosphonates and calcitonin

Question 15

What does calcitonin inhibit?

Answer 15

Resabsorption of Ca+ from the kidney

Question 16

How is calcitonin administered?

Answer 16

Via a nasal spray or IM injection

Question 17

What do mineralocorticoids do?

Answer 17

Maintain electrolyte balance

Question 18

Glucocorticoids cause a decrease in…

Answer 18

WBC

Question 19

Glucocorticoids end in…

Answer 19

ONE

Question 20

What is hydrocortisONE (cortisol) mainly used for?

Answer 20

For eczema and is topically applied and to reduce inflammation in acute allergy

Question 21

What is an example of a topical hyrdocortisONE?

Answer 21

H45 cream

Question 22

What is prednisolONE mainly used for?

Answer 22

Acute asthma attacks

Question 23

How is prednisolONE given?

Answer 23

Orally

Question 24

What is methylprednisolONE mainly used for?

Answer 24

To prevent rejection in transplant patients

Question 25

What is dexamethasONE mainly used for?

Answer 25

Cerebral oedema

Question 26

BeclametasONE is mainly used for…

Answer 26

To treat asthma

Question 27

Name some unwanted side effects of glucocorticoids…

Answer 27

1. Buffalo hump
2. Hypertension
3. Moon face
4. Muscle wasting
5. Poor wound healing
6. Osteoporosis
7. Thinning of skin

Question 28

What can inhaled glucocorticoids cause?

Answer 28

Oral thrush and dysphonia (hoarseness)

Question 29

What does the combined pill give extra of…

Answer 29

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 30

The mini pill is…

Answer 30

Progesterone only

Question 31

HRT causes an increase in…

Answer 31

Oestrogen levels

Question 32

HRT causes a decrease in…

Answer 32

LH and FSH

Question 33

HRT causes an increased risk of…

Answer 33

Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis

Question 34

Tamoxifen is an…

Answer 34

Oestrogen receptor antagonist so decreases oestrogen levels

Question 35

Clomiphene is used as…

Answer 35

Fertility treatment

Question 36

Oestrogen antagonists stop…

Answer 36

Negative feedback of LH and FSH in the hypothalamus

Question 37

Somatatrophin is…

Answer 37

An artificial hormone for children with growth problems

Question 38

Oxytocin (and also prostaglandins) are used to…

Answer 38

Induce labour