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Pharmacology (mine) > Asthma Drugs > Flashcards

Asthma Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

In asthma peoples airways are more…

A

Sensitive than normal

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2
Q

Asthma is associated with…

A

Airway hyperresponsiveness
Reversible airflow limitaton
Bronchial inflammation

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3
Q

Asthma symptoms…

A

Wheezing attacks
Shortness of breath
Cough
(Can be worse at night)

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4
Q

Asthma triggers…

A 
Exposure to allergen
Emotion
Cold air
Exercise
Diet
Pollutants
Drugs
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5
Q

2 drugs that shouldn’t be given to asthmatics…

A

B Blockers

Aspirin

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6
Q

Name the reliever (bronchodilators) drugs…

A

Salbutomol (ventolin)
Salmeterol
Ipratropium
Theophylline

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7
Q

The B2 agonist drugs =

A

Salbutomol & salmeterol

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8
Q

Which drug blocks mucus secretion?

A

Ipratropium (use alongside B2 agonists)

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9
Q

Which reliever drug is used in severe cases?

A

Theopylline

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10
Q

What are relievers mechanism of action?

A

Relax the smooth muscle and widen airways

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11
Q

Name the preventer drugs…

A

Beclometasone
Sodium cromoglicate
Montelukast

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12
Q

Which preventer is a steroid drug?

A

Beclometasone

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13
Q

When does the sensation phase occur?

A

With first exposure to an allergen (e.g. dust) which is when T cells are activated

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14
Q

What do T cells secrete?

A

Inflammatory mediators (interleukins) which activate B cells which become plasma cells

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15
Q

Plasma cells secrete…

A

Antibodies known as IgE which bind to receptors on mast cells

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16
Q

Eosinophils are…

A

WBC which contain histamine and other chemicals to kill viruses (they can damage airway)

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17
Q

. When re-exposed to allergen, the allergen binds to the IgEs on the surface of mast cells causing crosslinking to occur and this results in mast cells releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators. This re-exposure prompts an early phase reaction, which occurs almost immediately, and a late phase reaction which may be more severe and occurs several hours (3-10 hours) later

A

LEARN THIS

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18
Q

Preventers do not have…

A

Bronchodialtor activity

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19
Q

Preventer steroids can be taken…

A

Orally
Inhaled
IV

20
Q

What do preventer drugs do?

A

They are anti-inflammatorys so stop the response to an allergen

21
Q

B2 agonists act on…

A

B2 receptors on airway and smooth muscle

22
Q

Salbutomol is similar to…

A

Adrenaline

23
Q

How can B2 agonist be administered?

A

Inhaled
Orally
(Can be SHORT or LONG acting)

24
Q

A short-acting beta2 agonist inhaled immediately before exertion reduces…

A

Exercise induced asthma…

25
Q

Longer acting drugs are useful because…

A

They can be taken once or twice daily

26
Q

Salbutomol duraton of action…

A

3-5 hours

27
Q

Salmeterol duration of action…

A

12 hours

28
Q

Name the short acting B2 agonists…

A

Salbutamol/ terbutaline

29
Q

Name the long acting B2 agonists…

A

Salmeterol/ formoterol

30
Q

B2 agonists are only used in patients taking…

A

Inhaled steroids

31
Q

B2 agonist side effects…

A

Tremor (B2 receptors in skeletal muscle)
Increase HR (direct stimulation of SA nose)
Nervous tension
Headache
Hypokalaemia (stiumlation of sodium-potassium exchange pump)

32
Q

Typical MDI requires…

A

Good co-ordination

33
Q

What equpitment would act as a reservoir for the drug?

A

Spacer device

34
Q

Breath-activated inhalers require…

A

No-cordination

35
Q

When using an MDI what percentage of drug makes it to the intended target (lungs)?

A

10%

36
Q

What happens to the remaining 90% of the drug when using MDI?

A

Eventually swallowed

37
Q

Name the device that requires a short sharp intake of breath…

A

Accuhaler

38
Q

A nebuliser is where the drug is breathed in through…

A

A mouthpiece or mask (most common in A&E for serious asthma attacks)

39
Q

Beclometasone is administered as…

A

An oral inhaler or nasal spray

40
Q

Budesonide gives relief in…

A

10 hours

41
Q

Glucocorticoids bind to…

A

Steroid receptors (eventually bind to DNA to induce specific genes affecting protein production)

42
Q

Glucocorticoids inhibit transcription of…

A

COX-2 gene (hence reduced inflammation due to lack of protein production)

43
Q

Unwanted side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids…

A

Oral thrush

Dysphonia

44
Q

Oral prednisolONE is used for…

A

Acute asthma attacks

45
Q

Unwanted side effects of oral steroids…

A

Moon face etc…

46
Q

Sudden widthdrawl of steroids may result in…

A

Acute adrenal insufficiency (Ads crisis)

Pharmacology (mine) (7 decks)

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