Drugs and Diseases: neurotransmitters

Question 1

most common supratentorial tumor?

Answer 1

astrocytomas

Question 2

most common brain tumor in kids?

Answer 2

astrocytomas

Question 3

what can tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency in melanocytes lead to?

Answer 3

albinism

Question 4

what are pheochromocytomas?

Answer 4

catecholamine-secreting (norepi or epi) tumors in adrenal gland

Question 5

what can pheochromocytomas cause?

Answer 5

• life threatening HTN or cardiac arrhythmias
• headache
• palpitations
• severe HTN
• worsens w/ time

Question 6

how do you treat pheochromocytomas?

Answer 6

• surgery

- alpha and beta adrenergic receptor antagonists

Question 7

diagnostic test for pheochromocytomas?

Answer 7

increased metanephrine in urine

Question 8

what is parkinson’s disease?

Answer 8

degeneration of dopamine -> Lewy bodies

Question 9

symptoms of parkinson’s?

Answer 9

-decreased motor cortex stimulation by basal ganglia

Question 10

treatment for parkinson’s?

Answer 10

levodopa (L-dopa) - can cross BBB, then L-aa decarboxylase converts into dopamine

works best for rigidity, hypokinesia

Question 11

what are many antidepressant drugs?

Answer 11

SSRIs: prozac, fluoxetine, zoloft, celexa

Question 12

symptoms of serotonin syndrome

Answer 12

• confusion, disorientation
• muscle spasms
• fever, sweating, HTN

Question 13

what is used to treat myasthenia gravis? what is it?

Answer 13

pyridostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Question 14

what is the antidote to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 14

atropine - blocks access to muscarinic receptors

Question 15

how does viagra work?

Answer 15

inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase 5 -> smooth muscle relaxation -> increased blood flow -> erection

Question 16

what is refsum’s disease?

Answer 16

build up of phytanic acid (BCAA in chlorophyll) in peroxisomes -> myelin defects

Question 17

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Hurler’s

Answer 17

type: mucopolysaccharidosis
deficient: alpha-iduronidase
accumulations: GAGs, heparan + dermatan sulfate

Question 18

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Hunter’s

Answer 18

type: mucopolysaccharidosis
deficient: iduronate sulfatase
accumulations: GAGs, heparan + dermatan sulfate

Question 19

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Gaucher’s

Answer 19

type: lysosomal storage
deficient: glucocerebrosidase
accumulations: glucosylceramide

Question 20

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Fabry

Answer 20

type: lysosomal storage
deficient: alpha-galactosidase A
accumulations: glycosphingolipids

Question 21

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Tay-Sachs (GM2)

Answer 21

type: lysosomal storage
deficient: hexosaminidase A
accumulations: GM2 ganglioside

Question 22

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Farber’s lipogranulomatosis

Answer 22

type: lysosomal storage
deficient: ceramidase
accumulations: sphingosine ceramide

Question 23

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Krabbe’s

Answer 23

type: lysosomal storage
deficient: galactocerebrosidase
accumulations: galactocerebroside

Question 24

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Niemann-Pick

Answer 24

type: lysosomal storage
deficient: sphingomyelinase
accumulations: sphingomyelin

Question 25

type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: GM1 gangliosidosis

Answer 25

type: lysosomal storage
deficient: GM1-beta-galactosidase
accumulations: GM1 ganglioside

Question 26

how do you treat hunter’s?

Answer 26

idursulfase

Question 27

inheritance of hunter’s?

Answer 27

x-linked

Question 28

symptoms of Gaucher’s?

Answer 28

• hepatomegaly

- Gaucher’s cells (crinkled paper macrophages)

Question 29

symptoms of Tay-Sachs?

Answer 29

retinal red spot