Drugs and Diseases: neurotransmitters Flashcards
most common supratentorial tumor?
astrocytomas
most common brain tumor in kids?
astrocytomas
what can tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency in melanocytes lead to?
albinism
what are pheochromocytomas?
catecholamine-secreting (norepi or epi) tumors in adrenal gland
what can pheochromocytomas cause?
- life threatening HTN or cardiac arrhythmias
- headache
- palpitations
- severe HTN
- worsens w/ time
how do you treat pheochromocytomas?
- surgery
- alpha and beta adrenergic receptor antagonists
diagnostic test for pheochromocytomas?
increased metanephrine in urine
what is parkinson’s disease?
degeneration of dopamine -> Lewy bodies
symptoms of parkinson’s?
-decreased motor cortex stimulation by basal ganglia
treatment for parkinson’s?
levodopa (L-dopa) - can cross BBB, then L-aa decarboxylase converts into dopamine
works best for rigidity, hypokinesia
what are many antidepressant drugs?
SSRIs: prozac, fluoxetine, zoloft, celexa
symptoms of serotonin syndrome
- confusion, disorientation
- muscle spasms
- fever, sweating, HTN
what is used to treat myasthenia gravis? what is it?
pyridostigmine - acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
what is the antidote to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
atropine - blocks access to muscarinic receptors
how does viagra work?
inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase 5 -> smooth muscle relaxation -> increased blood flow -> erection
what is refsum’s disease?
build up of phytanic acid (BCAA in chlorophyll) in peroxisomes -> myelin defects
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Hurler’s
type: mucopolysaccharidosis
deficient: alpha-iduronidase
accumulations: GAGs, heparan + dermatan sulfate
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Hunter’s
type: mucopolysaccharidosis
deficient: iduronate sulfatase
accumulations: GAGs, heparan + dermatan sulfate
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Gaucher’s
type: lysosomal storage
deficient: glucocerebrosidase
accumulations: glucosylceramide
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Fabry
type: lysosomal storage
deficient: alpha-galactosidase A
accumulations: glycosphingolipids
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Tay-Sachs (GM2)
type: lysosomal storage
deficient: hexosaminidase A
accumulations: GM2 ganglioside
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Farber’s lipogranulomatosis
type: lysosomal storage
deficient: ceramidase
accumulations: sphingosine ceramide
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Krabbe’s
type: lysosomal storage
deficient: galactocerebrosidase
accumulations: galactocerebroside
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: Niemann-Pick
type: lysosomal storage
deficient: sphingomyelinase
accumulations: sphingomyelin
type of disease, deficient enzyme, accumulations: GM1 gangliosidosis
type: lysosomal storage
deficient: GM1-beta-galactosidase
accumulations: GM1 ganglioside
how do you treat hunter’s?
idursulfase
inheritance of hunter’s?
x-linked
symptoms of Gaucher’s?
- hepatomegaly
- Gaucher’s cells (crinkled paper macrophages)
symptoms of Tay-Sachs?
retinal red spot
