Drugs affecting vasculature and blood pressure

Question 1

Does vascular smooth muscle contract or relax if MLCK is active?

Answer 1

Contract

Question 2

Does vascular smooth muscle contract or relax if MLC-Phosphatase is active?

Answer 2

relax

Question 3

What do organic nitrates do?

Answer 3

relax all types of smooth muscle via their metabolism to nitric oxide

Question 4

With small doses of nitrates, does venorelaxation or arteriolar relaxation occur?

Answer 4

Venorelaxation (arteriolar relaxation occurs at higher doses)

Question 5

In normal subjects, is there increased or decreased blood flow when using nitrates?

Answer 5

Increased

Question 6

In which subjects is there no overall increase in blood flow on nitrates, but blood is redirected to ischaemic zone?

Answer 6

Angina

Question 7

What happens to preload and afterload when using nitrates?

Answer 7

Decrease

Question 8

What are the main examples of nitrates?

Answer 8

GTN and isosorbide mononitrate

Question 9

Does endothelin play a role in vascular smooth muscle tone?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What might occur as a result of repeated administration of organic nitrates?

Answer 10

Diminished effect

Question 11

What side effects do nitrates have?

Answer 11

initial headache

Question 12

How is GTN administered normally?

Answer 12

Spray or tablet under tongue

Question 13

How is GTN administered in unstable patients?

Answer 13

IV with aspirin

Question 14

Which out of GTN and isosorbide mononitrate are resistant to first past metabolism?

Answer 14

Isosorbide mononitrate

Question 15

How is Isosorbide mononitrate administered?

Answer 15

orally

Question 16

What does increase in calcium ions cause, contraction or relaxation?

Answer 16

contraction

Question 17

What are antagonists of the ETa receptor such as bosentan and ambenisentan used for?

Answer 17

pulmonary hypertension