Drugs Affecting the Vasculature and Blood Pressure Flashcards
What are the effects of organic nitrates on the vasculature?
Venorelaxation
Arteriolar dilatation
Increased coronary blood flow
Give two examples of organic nitrates
GTN
Isosorbide mononitrate
Nitrates are mainly used to treat what?
Angina
Give some side effects of nitrates
Headaches
Tolerance
Give an example of an ACE inhibitor
Lisinopril
What do ACE inhibitors do in the RAAS system?
Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
What are the effects of ACE inhibitors on the cardiovascular system?
Venous dilatation
Arteriolar dilatation
What is the commonest side effect of ACE inhibitors?
Dry cough
When are ACE inhibitors used?
Hypertension
Cardiac failure
Following MI’s
Give an example of an angiotensin II receptor blocker
Losartan
What do ATRBs do in the RAAS system?
Block the agonist action of angiotensin II in a competitive manner
What do calcium antagonists do?
Prevent opening of L-type Ca2+ channels in excitable tissues in response to depolarisation
What cardiovascular effects do calcium antagonists have?
Limit rate of conduction of AV node
Reduce force of contraction
Give examples of calcium antagonists
Amlodipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil
When are calcium antagonists used?
Angina (if B-blockers are contraindicated)
AF
Hypertension
Where do thiazide diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption?
Distant tubule
Give an example of a thiazide diuretic
Bendroflumethazide
What effect do thiazide diuretics have on the cardiovascular system?
Reduce MABP
When are thiazide diuretics used?
Hypertension
Mild heart failure
Where do loop diuretics inhibit NaCl absorption?
Thick ascending loop of Henle
Give an example of a loop diuretic
Furosemide
When are loop diuretics used? Why?
Acute pulmonary oedema and chronic heart failure
Cause absorption of extracellular fluid contributing to oedema
