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PHARMACOLOGY > Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Drugs Acting on the Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

H1 blockers or antagonists

A

Antihistamines

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2
Q
  • Decrease nasopharyngeal secretions by blocking the H1 receptors
  • Commonly used to treat colds, allergic rhinitis but not useful in emergency situations like anaphylaxis
A

Antihistamines

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3
Q

Antihistamines

Cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and other anticholinergic symptoms

A

1st Generation Antihistamines

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4
Q

drug under 1st generation antihistamines

A

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

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5
Q

Antihistamines

  • non-sedating antihistamines because they have little to no effect on sedation
  • cause fewer anticholinergic symptoms
A

2nd Generation Antihistamines

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6
Q

Drugs under 2nd generation antihistamines

A

cetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine, azelastine

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7
Q

MOA of diphenhydramine

A

Diphenhydramine blocks the effects of histamine by competing for and occupying H1 receptor sites.

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8
Q

Side Effects:

  • Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, and disturbed coordination
  • Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, urine retention, blurred vision)
A

1st Generation Antihistamines

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9
Q
  • suppress or inhibit coughing
  • act on the cough control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex
A

Antitussives

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10
Q

Antitussives are indicated if the cough is ________ and ________

A

nonproductive and irritating

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11
Q

major antitussives (4)

A
  • benzonatate
  • codeine
  • hydrocodone
  • dextromethorphan
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12
Q

MOA of dextromethorphan, codeine, and hydrocodone

A

Dextromethorphan suppresses the cough center in the medulla; however, it does not depress respiration.

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13
Q

MOA of benzonatate

A

Benzonatate acts by anesthetizing stretch receptors throughout the bronchi, alveoli, and pleura.

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14
Q

____________ relieves cough caused by pneumonia, bronchitis, the common cold, and COPD like emphysema.

A

Benzonatate

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15
Q

Antitussives

Can be used during ____________ when the patient needs to avoid coughing.

A

bronchoscopy

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16
Q

____________ are used to treat intractable cough usually associated with lung cancer.

A

Narcotic antitussives (codeine and hydrocodone)

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17
Q

____________ may cause excitation, an extremely elevated temperature, hypertension or hypotension, and coma when taken with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI).

A

Codeine and hydrocodone

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18
Q

Dextromethorphan used with ____________ may produce excitation, an elevated body temperature, hypotension, and coma.

A

MAOIs

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19
Q

____________ may increase CNS depression when taken with other CNS depressants including alcohol, barbiturates, sedative-hypnotics, and phenothiazines.

A

Codeine

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20
Q

drugs under asthma drugs

A
  • methylxanthines
  • pirbuterol
  • cromolyn sodium
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21
Q

xanthine derivatives

A

Methylxanthines

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22
Q

Bronchodilators used in asthma

A

Methylxanthines

23
Q

Stimulate CNS and respiration, dilate coronary and pulmonary vessels, and cause diuresis

A

Methylxanthines

24
Q

Relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary blood vessels by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase resulting in an increased cAMP which thereby promotes bronchodilation.

A

Theophylline

25
Q

Prescribed for the maintenance therapy for clients with chronic stable asthma and COPDs

A

Theophylline

26
Q

MOA of theophylline

A

Increases the level of cAMP resulting in bronchodilation

27
Q

Decreases airway reactivity and relieves bronchospasm by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle

A

Theophylline

28
Q

Side Effects

Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, gastric pain caused by increased gastric acid secretion, intestinal bleeding, nervousness, dizziness, headache, irritability, cardiac dysrhythmias, tachycardia, palpitations, marked hypotension, hyperreflexia, and seizures

A

Methylxanthines

29
Q

Can cause hyperglycemia, decreased clotting time and rarely leukocytosis

A

Methylxanthines

30
Q

Methylxanthines should not be taken with caffeinated products because of its ___________

A

diuretic effect

31
Q

IV prep must be administered slowly as rapid administration causes dizziness, flushing, hypotension, severe bradycardia, and palpitations.

A

Methylxanthines

32
Q

An aerosolized bronchodilator

A

Pirbuterol

33
Q

MOA of pirbuterol

A

Acts as beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist to relax the smooth muscle of the bronchi

34
Q

Adverse Reactions

Nervousness, Tremors, Headache, Palpitations, Rapid heart rate, Chest pain or tightness, Nausea, Diarrhea, Dry mouth

A

Pirbuterol

35
Q

Used primarily to prevent bronchial asthma

A

Cromolyn Sodium

36
Q

MOA of cromolyn sodium

A

Prevents the release of histamine and slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis by stabilizing the mast cell membrane.

37
Q

Given by inhalation to improve breathing

A

Cromolyn Sodium

38
Q

Adverse Reactions

Bronchospasm, Sneezing, Wheezing, Cough, Nasal congestion and throat irritation, Dizziness, Pain, Nausea, Headache, Skin rash

A

Cromolyn Sodium

39
Q

Act directly on mucus, breaking down sticky, thick secretions so they are more easily eliminated

A

Mucolytics

40
Q

MOA of mucolytics

A

Liquefy and loosen thick mucus secretions so that they can be expectorated.

41
Q

drug under mucolytics

A

Acetylcysteine

42
Q
  • Administered by nebulization
  • May be administered with bronchodilator for patients with asthma or hyperactive airway disease because increased secretions may obstruct the bronchial airways
A

Acetylcysteine

43
Q

Side Effects

nausea, vomiting, stomatitis (oral ulcers), and “runny nose”

A

Acetylcysteine

44
Q

Acetylcysteine can be used as an antidote for ____________ if given within 12-24 hours after the overdose ingestion.

A

acetaminophen overdose

45
Q

MOA of acetylcysteine

A

Decreases the thickness of the respiratory tract secretions by altering the molecular composition of mucus.

46
Q
  • An enzyme that digests the DNA in thick sputum secretions of clients with cystic fibrosis (CF)
  • Helps reduce respiratory infections and improves pulmonary functions
A

Dornase Alfa

47
Q

Side Effects

chest pain, sore throat, laryngitis, hoarseness

A

Dornase Alfa

48
Q

Thins mucus so it’s cleared more easily out of airways

A

Expectorants

49
Q
  • Soothe membranes in the respiratory tract
  • Loosen bronchial secretions so that can be eliminated by coughing
A

Expectorants

50
Q

drug under expectorants

A

guaifenesin

51
Q

____________ is the best expectorant

A

hydration

52
Q

Indications

  • For the relief of cough from minor bronchial irritation
  • Bronchitis, sinusitis, influenza
  • Bronchial asthma and emphysema
  • Other respiratory disorders
A

Expectorants

53
Q

MOA of expectorants

A

By increasing the production of respiratory tract fluids, expectorants reduce the thickness, adhesiveness, and surface tension of mucus making it easier to clear from the airways .

54
Q

Provide a soothing effect on the mucus membranes of the respiratory tract

A

Expectorants

PHARMACOLOGY (6 decks)

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