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PHARMACOLOGY > Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System > Flashcards

Drugs Acting on the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

hypoglycemic drugs (2)

A
  • insulin
  • oral antidiabetic
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2
Q

hyperglycemic drugs (2)

A
  • glucagon
  • pancreatic hormone
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3
Q

the only parenteral antidiabetic agent for exogenous placement

A

insulin

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4
Q

used to treat type I DM and to treat type II DM in adults who have no response to diet, exercise, and other agents

A

insulin

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5
Q

Insulin

injection sites needed to be rotated regulary to avoid __________

A

lipodystrophy

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6
Q

most common adverse effects of insulin (2)

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • ketoacidosis
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7
Q

insulin should be administered ________ meals

A

before

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8
Q

what is the MOA of insulin

A

increase the utilization of glucose

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9
Q

most common oral antidiabetic

A

metformin

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10
Q

what is the MOA of sulfonylureas

A

stimulate release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas

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11
Q

oral antidiabetic is indicated for __________

A

type II NIDDM

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12
Q

most common AE of sulfonylureas are hypoglycemia and __________

A

GI distress

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13
Q

raise the blood glucose level when severe hypoglycemia occurs

A

glucose-elevating agents

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14
Q

2 agents used to elevate glucose level

A
  • diazoxide
  • glucagon
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15
Q

________ can also be given orally or IV to increase glucose levels

A

pure glucose

preferrably simple sugars

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16
Q

what is the MOA of glucose-elevating agents

A

increase blood glucose by decreasing insulin release and accelerating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to release glucose

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17
Q

Glucose-Elevating Agents

diazoxide is administered __________

A

PO

18
Q

Glucose-Elevating Agents

glucagon is given ___________

A

parenterally

19
Q

Glucose-Elevating Agents

preferred agent for emergency situations

A

glucagon

20
Q
  • used to treat hypothyroidism
  • increase metabolic rate of the body tissues, stimulate the cardiovascular system, increase body temperature, oxygen consumption, and blood volume, promote glyconeogenesis, increase utilization and mobilization of glycogen stores, stimulate protein synthesis, and promote cell growth, and differentiation
A

thyroid drugs

21
Q

most common thyroid drug

A

levothyroxine

22
Q

thyroid drugs should be taken in the ________ to prevent _________

A

morning; insomnia

23
Q

when taking thyroid drugs, why are insulin or oral hypoglycemic agent requirements increase?

A

↑thyroid hormones = ↑metabolism = ↑glucose

24
Q

Thyroid Drugs

check apical pulse before giving, and hold if pulse is ___________

A

> 100 bpm

25
Q

Thyroid Drugs

in children, if pulse rate is elevated __________

A

hold and notify physician

26
Q
  • used to block the production of thyroid hormone and to treat hyperthyroidism
  • decrease the basal metabolic rate by interfering with the action, fomation, or releasee of thyroid hormones
A

antithyroid drugs

27
Q

antithyroid drugs include (2)

A
  • thioamides
  • iodide solutions
28
Q

what is the MOA of thioamides

A

prevent the formation of thyroid hormone in the thyroid cells which lowers the serum levels of thyroid hormone

29
Q

most common thioamides

A

propylthiouracil (PTU)

30
Q

what is the MOA of iodide solutions

A

cause the thyroid cells to become oversaturated with iodine and stop producing thyroid hormone, in some cases thyroid cells are destroyed

31
Q

goserelin, histerelin, leuprolide and nafarelin, and tesamorelin are __________

A

hypothalamic releasing hormones

32
Q

degarelix and ganirelix acetate are __________

A

antagonsists that block the effects of hypothalamic releasing hormones

33
Q

hypothalamic-releasing hormones are used for ________ only, and others are used primarily as antineoplastic agents

A

diagnostic purposes

34
Q

natural and synthetic hormones that mimic the hormones produced by the pituitary gland

A

pituitary agents

35
Q

2 Groups of Pituitary Agents

may be used diagnostically or therapeutically to control the function of other endocrine glands such as the thyroid glands, adrenals, ovaries, and testes

A

anterior pituitary drugs

36
Q

2 Groups of Pituitary Agents

used to generate fluid volume and stimulate smooth muscle contraction in selected clinical situations

A

posterior pituitary

37
Q

________ is used to treat adrenal insufficiency

A

corticotropin

38
Q

________ is used to treat pituitary dwarfism

A

somatrem

39
Q

desmopressin acetate, lypressin, and vasopressin are __________

A

ADH

40
Q

________ is prescribed for hormone replacement therapy in patient with neurogenic diabetes insipidus caused by a brain lesion or injury

A

ADH

PHARMACOLOGY (6 decks)

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