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Ophthalmic Assisting > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

mydriatics

A
  • pupil dilation

- stimulates sympathetic (iris dilator contracts) or stimulates parasympathetic (paralyzing iris sphincter muscle)

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2
Q

drug

A

any substance other than food that alters the physiology of the body via chemical means

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3
Q

Classification of Drugs with Abuse Potential

A

Schedule 1 - high potential, no medical uses ie) heroin
Schedule 2 - high potential with medical use ie) morphine
Schedule 3 - less potential, accepted medical use ie) barbiturates
Schedule 4 - even less potential, accepted medical use ie) benzodiazepines
Schedule 5 - even less potential, accepted medical use ie) cough syrups

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4
Q

Labelled Indication

A

FDA approved for a specific disease; can market product for this

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5
Q

Prodrug

A
  • administered in inactive form

- converted by normal metabolic processes in body to active form

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6
Q

Compounding

A

prepare pharmaceutical preparations not commercially available

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7
Q

Intravitreal injections

A
  • diluted concentration injected into vitreous humor
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8
Q

Subconjunctival injections

A
  • injected under conjectiva
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9
Q

Periocular injections

A
  • injected into tissue around the eye
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10
Q

agonist

A
  • activates a receptor
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11
Q

antagonist

A
  • inhibits a receptor
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12
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A
  • sympathetic nervous system

- alpha & beta

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13
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A
  • muscarinic (parasympathetic) - heart, smooth muscle & iris
  • nicotinic - muscle (parasympathetic)
  • nicotinic - ganglia (sympathetic)
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14
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

action of drugs on receptors & tissues (what drug does to body)

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15
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs (what body does to the drug)

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16
Q

ADR - Adverse Drug Reaction

A

Type A - an exaggerated reaction

Type B - rxn not typical from normal pharmacology

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17
Q

Topical anesthetics

A
  • reversible loss of sensation by blocking sensation of pain passing along nerves to brain
  • applied externally to tissue
  • used if needing to touch cornea
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18
Q

local anesthetics

A
  • reversible loss of sensation by blocking sensation of pain passing along nerves to brain
  • injected for local nerve block; externally (lids) or behing eye (retrobulbar)
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19
Q

general anesthetics

A
  • reversible loss of sensation by blocking sensation of pain passing along nerves to brain
  • inhalation or intravenously
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20
Q

tropicamide

A
  • cycloplegic drug (mydriatic)

- blocks iris sphincter

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21
Q

phenylephrine

A
  • sympathomimetic agent (adrenergic)
  • alpha-1 receptor agonist
  • mydriatic (dilates pupil)
  • no effect on accomodation
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22
Q

cycloplegic drugs

A
  • mydriatic effect
  • parasympatholytic (blocks PNS)
  • reduces/paralyzes accomodation
  • target ciliary body
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23
Q

cyclopentolate

A
  • stronger cycloplegic drug
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24
Q

Fluorescein (NaFI)

A
  • dye
  • used in applanation tonometry
  • defects of cornea appear vivid green with cobalt blue filter on slit lamp
  • highly susceptible to contamination
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25
Q

Fluorexon

A
  • dye
  • used with soft contacts
  • prone to contamination
26
Q

Intravenous NaFI (fluorescein)

A
  • dye to evaluate vascular abnormalities of retina

- also detect anterior segment blood flow (vessels of iris)

27
Q

Rose Bengal

A
  • vivid pink staining of damaged/dead tissue with slit lamp

- will stain soft contacts

28
Q

Lissamine Green

A
  • stains mucus, dead cells & degenerated cells
29
Q

Indocyanine green

A
  • intravenous dye for retinal & choroidal angiography

- may cause severe allergic reaction

30
Q

Methylene Blue

A
  • stains devitalized cells & corneal nerves

- used to assess lacrimal sac

31
Q

prostaglandin analogues

A
  • antiglaucoma agent
  • act where secreted
  • increases outflow of aqueous
32
Q

Beta blockers

A
  • antiglaucoma agent

- decreases production of aqueous

33
Q

alpha-2 receptors

A
  • antiglaucoma agent

- decrease production and increase drainage of aqueous

34
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibiters

A
  • antiglaucoma agent
  • inhibits enzyme stopping formation of bicarbonate in the ciliary epithelium, decreases aqueous production
    (production of aqueous needs bicarbonate)
35
Q

acetazolamide

A
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
36
Q

Rho-associated Protein Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors

A
  • antiglaucoma agent
    ROCK enzyme regulates smooth muscle contraction
  • ROCK inhibitors cause relaxation, increases drainage, decreases IOP
37
Q

Cholinergic agonists (miotic)

A
  • antiglaucoma agent

- constricts pupil, increases aqueous outflow

38
Q

pilocarpine

A
  • cholinergic agonist

- activates receptor in iris sphincter (constricts pupil)

39
Q

hyperosmotics

A
  • treat angle-closure glaucoma

- increase osmolarity of blood, so water leaves eye and enters blood

40
Q

anti-angiogenesic drugs

A
  • inhibit VEGF (protein needed for new blood vessel growth)
41
Q

Penicillin

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
42
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
43
Q

Bacitracin

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
44
Q

aminoglycosides

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
45
Q

tetracyclines

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
46
Q

macrolides

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
47
Q

sulfonamides

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
48
Q

Trimethoprim

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
49
Q

fluoroguinolones

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
50
Q

vancomycin

A
  • antibiotic (antibacterials)
51
Q

acyclovir

52
Q

foscarnet

A
  • antiviral

- treat symptoms, cannot cure infection

53
Q

ketocanazole

A
  • anti-fungal

- “azoles”

54
Q

corticosteroids

A
  • anti-inflammatory drug

- inhibits prostaglandins by stopping production of arachidonic acid

55
Q

NSAIDs

A
  • nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

- inhibits protaglandins by stopping their synthesis

56
Q

cyclosporine

Restasis

A
  • immunosuppressive
  • reduce inflammation and improve tear quality
  • for dry eye
57
Q

vertiporfin

A
  • immunosuppressive

- decreases tear production

58
Q

lifitegrast

Xiidra

A
  • reduce inflammation and improve tear quality

- for dry eye

59
Q

Punctal plugs

A
  • block tears from draining from eye
60
Q

omega 3

A
  • improve quality of tears

Ophthalmic Assisting (5 decks)

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