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Ophthalmic Assisting > Clinical Skills > Flashcards

Clinical Skills Flashcards

1
Q

perimetry

A

visual field testing

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2
Q

FOLDARS

A 
F- Frequency
O - Onset
L - Location
D - Duration
A - Associated signs/symptoms
R - Relief
S - Severity
Note - do for every chief complaint
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3
Q

DEA

A

Drug Enforcement Administration

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4
Q

CSA

A

Controlled Substances Act

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5
Q

ROI

A

Release of Information

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6
Q

AIDET

A 
Model of Patient Satisfaction
A - Acknowledge
I - Introduce
D - Duration
E - Explanation
T - Thank you.
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7
Q

PII

A

Personally Identifiable Information eg) name, address

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8
Q

PHI

A

Protected Health Information

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9
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act - sets standards for protecting patient data)

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10
Q

Symptoms of Eye Problems

A
  • reported by patient; story

eg) visual symptoms, visual disturbances, physical discomfort, physical changes

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11
Q

Signs of Eye Problems

A

abnormalities of the eye directly observed

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12
Q

Dose

A

quantity of medication ie) 500 mg

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13
Q

Dosage

A

size or frequency of dose ie) 3 times a day

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14
Q

emergent

A
  • immediate attention
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15
Q

urgent

A
  • seen with a day
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16
Q

routine

A
  • longer standing problem
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17
Q

optical infinity

A
  • distance where light rays are virtually parallel
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18
Q

visual acuity

A
  • ie) 20/70 - the greater the denominator, the worse the vision
  • 3 phenomena: detection, recognition & resolution
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19
Q

snellen chart

A
  • for visual acuity

- optotype: letters

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20
Q

sloan chart

A
  • for visual acuity

- letters with standard spacing, upside down pyramid

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21
Q

ETDRS

A
  • early treatment diabetic retinopathy study chart
  • inverted pyramid with 5 optotypes
  • for low vision patients
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22
Q

Lea numbers

A
  • numbers 5, 6, 8 & 9 blur into nondescript once past limits of recognition ability
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23
Q

allen pictures

A
  • objects universally recognized

- ie) hand, truck, horse

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24
Q

Lea symbols

A
  • four: square, circle, house, apple

- all are blurry circles beyond acuity

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25
Q

tumbling E’s

A
  • resolution test
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26
Q

Landolt’s Broken Rings

A
  • resolution test
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27
Q

one minute of arc

A
  • amount of angle where a normal eye can detect the separation of two points
  • one degree = 60 min of arc
    ie) person with 20/20 can distinguish an object that subtends 5 min of arc
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28
Q

crowding phenomenon

A
  • patient sees smaller letters if shown one at a time vs. a row of letters
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29
Q

pinhole

A
  • opaque disk with a tiny hole in center to look through
  • allows only direct light rays (not scattered) into eye
  • increased acuity through pinhole if refractive error causing reduced far vision
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30
Q

Teller acuity cards

A
  • for babies
  • gratings of various frequencies (babies prefer pattern over blank)
  • peep hole in card for examiner to watch babies response
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31
Q

Photostress Recovery test

A
  • how quickly pigments in cone cells regenerate after being depleted of ligth sensitive pigments with white light
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32
Q

Pelli Robson Chart

A
  • for contrast sensitivity

- letters same size but decrease in contrast

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33
Q

Brightness Acuity Test (BAT)

A
  • testing glare

- look through an illuminated half globe & read eye chart

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34
Q

S.A.F.E

A 
- range of motion of eyes into 9 positions of gaze
S - smooth
A - accurate
F - fast
E - equal
35
Q

PERRLA

A
  • pupils equal, round & reactive to light

- (A) accomodation normal

36
Q

Oblique Flashlight Test

A
  • for angle evaluation

- if temporal & nasal iris appear illuminated, then angle open

37
Q

saccades

A
  • rapid eye movements to quickly change point of fixation
38
Q

smooth pursuits

A
  • slower eye movements to follow moving object
39
Q

vergence

A
  • moving both eyes
  • convergence - inward, looking closer
  • divergence - outward, looking farther
40
Q

vestibulo-ocular reflex

A
  • eyes move opposite to head movement

- want this in emergency to lessen brainstem damage

41
Q

prism diopter

A
  • unit of measure for refractive power
  • ## 1 diopter = deflection of light ray by 1 cm at a distance of 1 m
42
Q

abduction

A

lateral movement of one eye away from midline

43
Q

adduction

A

medial movement of one eye toward midline

44
Q

supraduction

A

upward movement of one eye

45
Q

infraduction

A

downward movement of one eye

46
Q

dextroelevation

A

movement up and to the right of one eye

47
Q

laevoelevation

A

movement up and to the left of one eye

48
Q

incycloduction

A

nasal rotation of one eye of one eye

49
Q

excycloduction

A

temporal rotation of one eye

50
Q

dextroversion

A

binocular movement to the right

51
Q

laevoversion

A

binocular movement to the left

52
Q

supraversion

A

binocular movement up

53
Q

infraversion

A

binocular movement down

54
Q

dextroinfraversion

A

binocular movement down & to the right

55
Q

laevoinfraversion

A

binocular movement down & to the left

56
Q

fusional convergence

A

eyes move inward to avoid double vision

57
Q

tonic convergence

A

inherent reflex to reposition our eyes from a divergent position

58
Q

convergence

A
  • both eye move inward
  • near focus
  • 20 to 35 diopters
59
Q

divergence

A
  • both eyes outward
  • far focus
  • 6 to 10 diopters
60
Q

AC/A

A

accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio
= amount of convergence for each diopter accomodation
- normal 3-5 diopters convergence / 1 diopter accommodation
- esodeviations (+), exo (-)

61
Q

near point convergence

A
  • closest point a person can converge both eyes

- normal 3-4 inches (8-10 cm)

62
Q

Cover Testing

A
  • detects & quantifies strabismus and assesses control
    1) Cover/Uncover
    2) Alternate Cross/Cover
    3) Repeat Cover/Uncover
63
Q

deviation measurements

A
  • use prisms of increasing power until reversal of movement
64
Q

Bielschowsky Head Tilt Test

A
  • EOM movement test

- gaze measurements when head turned rigth & left, tilted right and left

65
Q

Hirschbert Test

A
  • EOM & light reflex test
  • tests for tropias only
  • light shone 33 cm away & cornea reflexes observed
  • normal reflex seen centrally or slightly nasal
66
Q

Krimsky Test

A
  • measure of strabismus

- uses light & prisms to move deviated light reflex back to center of pupil

67
Q

angle kappa

A
  • visual axis an pupillary axis do not coincide
68
Q

Red (Bruckner) Reflex Test

A
  • should see red reflection of white light from eyes
69
Q

Single/Double Maddox Rod Testing

A
  • transparent “lens” made of series of parallel red cylinders
  • white light viewed through rod should show a red line 90 degrees to the direction of cylinders
70
Q

SOAP

A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan

71
Q

Slit Lamp Diffuse Illumination

A
  • beam covered by diffusing filter

- for conjunctiva, lids and cornea

72
Q

Slit Lamp Direct-Narrow Slit Illumination

A
  • for conjunctiva, cornea, lens, vitreous
73
Q

Slit Lamp Direct-Wide Slit Illumination

A
  • for cornea, iris & lens
74
Q

Slit Lamp Indirect Illumination

A
  • decentering slit beam

- conjunctiva & iris

75
Q

Slit Lamp Retro from iris Illumination

A
  • light reflected off iris to illuminate pathology from behind
  • cornea
76
Q

Slit Lamp Retro from fundus Illumination

A
  • light reflected off fundus to illuminate pathology from behind
  • lens
77
Q

phakic eye

A
  • has natural lens
78
Q

pseudophakic eye

A
  • has intraocular lens implant
79
Q

aphakie eye

A
  • no lens
80
Q

potential acuity meter (PAM)

A
  • mini eye chart mounted on slit lamp, patient’s prescription dialled into PAM so no glasses worn
81
Q

super pinhole

A
  • lightbox to produce ultra high contrast eye chart (white letters on black background)
  • use a pinhole
82
Q

Ways to assess anterior chamber angle

A

1 - flashlight (shine light on temporal side)
2 - slit lamp
3- goniolens (specialized contact lens to examine chamber angle structures)

83
Q

accommodative triad

A
  • when looking at near object
    1 - eyes converge
    2 - pupils constrict
    3 - lens accommodates
84
Q

confrontation fields

A
  • check for gross defects in visual field
  • use “counting fingers” in each quadrant of visual field
  • static or kinetic
  • follow up with automated perimetry

Ophthalmic Assisting (5 decks)

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