Drugs

Question 1

Action of thiazide diuretics

Answer 1

Block NCC (Na+Cl- symporter)
Prevents Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in DCT
Increase salt wastage in urine

Question 2

What condition do thiazide diuretics treat

Answer 2

Gordon’s Hypertension//Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type II

Question 3

Alternative treatments for PHAII?

Answer 3

WNK Kinase or SPAK/OSR1 inhibitors

Inhibitors of WNK/SPAK/OSR1 binding

Question 4

Metformin

Answer 4

For T2DM
Stops liver producing glucose
Increases glucose sensitivity

Question 5

Sulphonylureas

Answer 5

For T2DM

Stimulate insulin production

Question 6

Incretin mimetics

Answer 6

For T2DM
help insulin production
Reduce liver glucose production
Reduce appetite and stomach digestion rate
e.g. GLP-1

Question 7

Gliptins

Answer 7

For T2DM

inhibit DDP-4 enzyme which breaks down incretins

Question 8

Alphaglucosidase inhibitors

Answer 8

For T2DM

Slows starch food absorption slowing glucose rise

Question 9

Thiazolidinediones

Answer 9

For T2DM

Reduce insulin resistance

Question 10

What condition is nitroglycerin used to treat

Answer 10

Angina

Question 11

What is nitroglycerin

Answer 11

An organic nitrate

Question 12

What are the benefits of nitroglycerin

Answer 12

Under tongue - spit out after effect
Bypass 1st pass metabolism
Lipid soluble, aiding speed
Cheap
Venous dilation at low doses - 85% of blood volume in veins

Question 13

What is Nintedanib used for

Answer 13

Antifibrotic in IPF

Slows decline in lung function

Question 14

What is pirfenidone used for?

Answer 14

Antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, in IPF

Slows disease progression

Question 15

When are corticosteroids used?

Answer 15

In IPF
Prevents inflammation, weakens immune reaction
Increases frequency of severe infections