Cells of the CNS

Question 1

Astrocytes

Answer 1

Provide structural support
Maintain the BBB
Control ion, nutrient and gas concentrations

Question 2

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 2

Myelinate CNS axons

Support and insulate axons, providing structural framework

Question 3

Ependymal Cells

Answer 3

Line brain ventricles

Produce, monitor and circulate CSF

Question 4

Microglia

Answer 4

Macrophages
Regulate synapses
Remove pathogens, waste and debris

Question 5

Pericyte

Answer 5

Part of BBB (in gliovascular unit)

Wrap around endothelial cells lining capillaries

Question 6

White matter

Answer 6

Axons

Question 7

Grey matter

Answer 7

Nerve cell bodies

Question 8

Which cells form scar tissue post-injury

Answer 8

Astrocytes

Question 9

M1 microglia

Answer 9

Classical polarisation state
Release pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic substances
Induce neurological damage

Question 10

Which microglia polarisation state is neurotoxic?

Answer 10

M1

Question 11

M2 microglia

Answer 11

Alternative polarisation state

Release trophic factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines

Question 12

Which microglia polarisation state is neuroprotective?

Answer 12

M2

Question 13

Astrocyte atrophy

Answer 13

Reduced synaptic coverage and homeostatic capabilities

Question 14

Isomorphic astrocyte

Answer 14

Astroglial structure preserved

Question 15

Anisomorphic astrocyte

Answer 15

Astrogial domain structure disrupted

Glial scar barrier

Question 16

Which diseases show atrophy of astrocytes

Answer 16

Schizophrenia
Major depression
Neurodegeneration

Question 17

Which diseases show isomorphic astrocytes

Answer 17

Alzheimer’s, fronto-temporal dementia
ALS
Neurodegeneration

Question 18

Which diseases show anisomorphic astrocytes

Answer 18

Stroke

Acute Trauma