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medicine revision > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant

Inhibits VKOR

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2
Q

Heparin

A

Anti coagulant

Increases activation of anti clotting factors by binding to antithrombin 3

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3
Q

Low dose aspirin

A

Anti platelet
Blocks COX1

By blocking COX1 prostaglandins and thromboxane cannot be produced so platelets do not stick together effectively and clot doesn’t get bigger. Thromboxane also cause vasoconstriction so aspirin prevents this.
Clopidogrel has these same effects for an MI but is more potent.

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4
Q

High dose aspirin

A

Pain killer

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5
Q

Nitrates

A

Vasodilator

E.g GTN spray - acute release
Isosorbide mono/di-nitrate : long acting

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6
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Prevents further blood clots

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7
Q

Statin

A

Lowers blood cholesterol

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8
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Lowers blood pressure

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9
Q

Beta blockers

A

Lower heart rate and beat with reduced force (contractility)

Bisoprolol atenolol

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10
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Immunosuppressant

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11
Q

Ace inhibitor ends in

A

Pril

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12
Q

ARBs ARAs end in

A

Artan

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13
Q

Beta blockers end in

A

Olol

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14
Q

CCBs end in

A

Ipine - act on smooth muscle
Eg nifedipine

And Dilitiazem and verapamil which effect the heart

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15
Q

Diuretics end in

A

Iazide azone emide actone

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16
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Hormone therapy - Anti oestrogen therapy - used in breast tumours that are ER+

17
Q

Trastuzumab brand name herceptin

A

Monoclonal antibody Immunotherapy used in HER2 + breast cancer

18
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet

Blocks P2Y12

19
Q

Glyceryl trinitrate

A

GTN - short acting nitrate for angina treatment

20
Q

Isosorbide mono/di nitrate

A

Long acting nitrate for angina treatment

21
Q

Bisoprolol

A

Beta adrenoceptor antagonist for angina treatment

22
Q

Nifedipine
Diltiazem
Verapamil

A

Calcium channel antagonists for treatment in angina

23
Q

Streptokinase
Urokinase
Recombinant tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

A

Thrombocytopenia agents

Enhances the production of plasmin to breakdown fibrin to stop clotting.

24
Q

Analgesics

A

Painkillers in MI

Opioids like morphine or codeine

Post synaptic neurone is not stimulated so pain is not felt

25
Q

Why give oxygen in an MI?

A

SOB and chest pain are both symptoms
Oxygen reperfuses which reduces the chest pain and prevents further damage to the heart

Be careful not to give too much rapid oxygen as could cause repercussion injury where oxygen is used inefficiently creating reactive oxygen species ROS
Only give oxygen if sats below 94%

26
Q

CCBs

A

Vasodilator ( mainly arterioles and coronary artery)

Use in ischaemic chest pain

Dilitiazem and verapamil only - decrease HR and myocardial contractility

27
Q

Isoniazid

A

TB treatment

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis and cell wall formation. Very specific.

28
Q

Rifampicin

A

TB treatment
Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Inhibits transcription

29
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

TB treatment
Inhibits mycolic acid and disrupts plasma membrane and energy metabolism
Effective on dormant cells

30
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB treatment.
Inhibits mycolic acid and arabinosyltransferase.
Inhibits cell wall synthesis.

31
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

Omeprazole
Pantoprazole
Lansoprazole
Esomeprazole

32
Q

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists

A

Cimetidine

Ranitidine

33
Q

Cytoprotective drugs to protect the epithelium from ulcers

A

Gel formers - sucralfate - bind to ulcer base creating a protective barrier to inhibit gastric acid diffusion

Bismuth salts - binds to the ulcer base

Prostaglandin analogues - PGE2 decreases acid secretion so analogues of PGE2 increase activity of this receptor reducing acid secretion.

NSAIDs inhibits PGE2 and therefore promote H+ secretion. Protects epithelium but increases risk of ulcer

34
Q

H.pylori treatment - triple therapy

A

Amoxicillin +
Clarithromycin/metronidazole
+ omeprazole

Give all 4 as quadruple therapy if resistant to some.

medicine revision (9 decks)

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