Definitions

Question 1

Agonists

Answer 1

Receptor ligands which bind and then stimulate and effect

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

Receptor ligands which bind and don’t stimulate an effect (stops normal hormone binding)

Question 3

Phenotype

Answer 3

Observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic material) with its environment

A specific variable characteristic that’s observed

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

The genetic make up of an organism

The genetic constitution of a characteristic

Question 5

Dysphagia

Answer 5

Difficulty swallowing

Question 6

Asphyxia

Answer 6

Starvation of oxygen cause coma, death or suffocation e.g from choking

Question 7

Incidence

Answer 7

Number of NEW disease cases in a given population in a given time frame

Question 8

Prevalence

Answer 8

The proportion of a given population with a disease at a given time point.

Question 9

Tachycardia / tachyarrhythmia

Answer 9

Fast heart rate

Resting heart rate above 100 bpm

Question 10

Bradycardia

Answer 10

Slow heart rate under 60 bpm

Question 11

Atrial fibrillation

Answer 11

Abnormal heart rhythm - rapid / irregular
Major cause of stroke
Electrical impulses fired from different places in the heart which override the hearts natural pacemaker

Question 12

Heart arrhythmia

Answer 12

Irregular heart beat (bradycardia and tachycardia come under this)

Question 13

Morbidity

Answer 13

The condition of being diseased

Question 14

Epidemiology

Answer 14

Study of the distribution of health conditions in defined populations.

Question 15

Polydipsia

Answer 15

Thirsty

Question 16

Polyuria

Answer 16

Urinating more - particularly at night

Question 17

Normally body temp

Answer 17

37 degrees Celsius

Question 18

Skin turgor

Answer 18

Elasticity of skin

Question 19

Hypertension

Answer 19

High blood pressure

Question 20

Polyphagia

Answer 20

Excessive hunger

Question 21

Paresthesia

Answer 21

Burning or prickling sensation - tingling or numbness

Question 22

Retinopathy

Answer 22

Common cause of vision loss

Damage to retina

Question 23

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 23

Damage to peripheral nerves

Question 24

Nephropathy

Answer 24

Kidney disease or damage

Question 25

Tachypnoea

Answer 25

Abnormally rapid breathing

Question 26

Tachycardia

Tachyarrhythmia

Answer 26

Heart rate above normal (over 100 beats per mins)

Question 27

Apnoea

Answer 27

Muscles in throat relax during sleep which temporarily makes the patient stop breathing

Question 28

Stridor

Answer 28

High pitched wheezing sound

Question 29

Angina

Answer 29

Temporary chest pain, pressure or discomfort

Question 30

Hypertropy

Answer 30

Increase in size of skeletal muscle

Question 31

Hyperplasia

Answer 31

An abnormal increase in the amount of organic tissue resulting from cell proliferation

Question 32

Atrophy

Answer 32

Wasting away

Question 33

Hypoplasia

Answer 33

Underdevelopment of a tissue

Question 34

Metaplasia

Answer 34

Abnormal change in the nature of the tissue

Question 35

Ectopia / heterotopia

Answer 35

A tissue/organ in the wrong physiological place

Question 36

Hypoxia

Answer 36

Low tissue oxygen

Question 37

Hypoxemia

Answer 37

Low blood oxygen

Question 38

Syncope

Answer 38

Temporary loss if consciousness due to insufficient blood flow to the brain

Question 39

Myalgia

Answer 39

Muscle pain

Question 40

Malaise

Answer 40

Discomfort

Question 41

Calor
Dolor
Rubor
Tumor

Answer 41

Heat
Pain
Redness
Swelling

Question 42

Anabolic

Answer 42

Small to large molecules

Question 43

Catabolic

Answer 43

Large to small molecules

Question 44

Cholestasis

Answer 44

Cholestasis is defined as a decrease in bile flow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or to obstruction of bile flow through intra-or extrahepatic bile ducts. Therefore, the clinical definition of cholestasis is any condition in which substances normally excreted into bile are retained.