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Blood and Cancer > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aminocaprioic acid

A
  • lysine analogue
  • binds competitively to plasmin
  • results in inhibition of fibrinolysis
  • helps clot

uses: pro-hemostatic agent, used in various forms of bleeding
tox: thrombosis

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2
Q

4-factor prothrombin complex concentrates

A
  • human blood coagulation factor replacement
  • has factors 2, 7, 9, 10
  • helps clot

uses: urgent reversal of acquired coagulation factor deficiency induced by vitamin K antagonist (eg Warfarin) therapy
tox: thrombosis

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3
Q

Acetylsalicyclic acid

A
  • non selective, irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor
    uses: prevent and tx arterial thrombosis, anti-inflammatory
    tox: GI, nephro-toxic, bleeding
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4
Q

Alteplase

A
  • stimulates conversion of plasminogen to plasmin
  • thus, activates fibrinolysis,
  • breaks up clots

uses: coronary artery thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke
tox: bleeding (esp. cerebral hemorrhage)

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5
Q

Cyclosporine

A
  • calcineurin inhibitor
  • immunosuppressant

uses: prevent and tx graft vs. host disease in HSCT, idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia
tox: htn, electrolyte wasting, nephrotoxic

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6
Q

Dabigatran

A
  • direct thrombin inhibitor
  • prevents clots

uses: stroke prevention in A-fib, DVT, PE
tox: bleeding, GI disturbances

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7
Q

Desmopressin

A

“desmoPRESSin = press in on endolthelium, to get the vWF out”

  • stimulates release of vWF
  • helps clot

uses: vW disease, qualitative platelet disorder
tox: hyponatremia

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8
Q

Eltrombopag

A

“elTROMBOpag = THROMBOpoietin receptor agonist”

  • stimulates megakaryocyte/platelet production and hematopoietic stem cells
  • helps make platelets & HSCs

uses: chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, idiopathic acquired aplastic anemia

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9
Q

Enoxaparin

A

“eNOXaparin = NOT clot!, enoXAparin = Xa (factor 10a)”

  • indirect factor 10a inhibitor
  • prevents clot

uses: prevent/tx venous thrombosis, acute coronary syndromes
tox: bleeding, thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

Epoetin alfa

A
  • activate erythropoietin receptor to stimulate RBC production
    uses: anemia secondary to cancer, renal disease, IBD
    tox: htn, thrombosis
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11
Q

Filgrastim

A
  • granulocyte colony-stimulating factor analog
  • stimulates neutrophil production

uses: neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation
tox: bone pain

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12
Q

Fondaparinux

A

“fondaparinuX = X (factor 10 inhibitor)

  • indirect factor10a inhibitor (complexes w/ antithrombin)
  • prevents clotting

uses: prevent/tx venous thrombosis, acute coronary syndromes
tox: bleeding

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13
Q

Hydroxyurea

A
  • inhibit ribonucleotide reductase
  • thus, prevent conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides

uses: myeloproliferative disorders, sickle cell anemia
tox: cytopenias

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14
Q

Imatinib

A
  • inhibit ABL, Kit, PDGF-R tyrosine kinases
  • chemo tx

uses: chronic myelogenous leukemia, Ph+ALL
tox: CHF, GI-upset

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15
Q

Recombinant factor7a

A
  • if pt doesn’t have enough factor 7a, give this
  • helps clot

uses: hemophilia w/ antibody inhibitors to coagualtion factors 8 or 9, acquired hemophilia, congenital facotr 7 deficiency
tox: thrombosis

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16
Q

Rituximab

A

“rituximaB = B cells”

  • binds to CD2- surface of B cells
  • leads to antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

uses: CD20 expressing hematopoietic malignancies, ITP
tox: infusional reactions, neutropenia

17
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

“rivaroXAban = Xa = factor10a inhibitor”

  • direct factor10a inhibitor
  • prevent clot

uses: stroke prevention in a-fib, DVT, PE
tox: bleeding

18
Q

Romiplostim

A
  • thrombopoietein (TpoR) receptor agonist
  • stimulates megakaryocyte/platelet production

uses: chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura

19
Q

Unfractionated heparin

A
  • indirect factor 2a,5a inhibitor (complexes w/ antithrombin)
  • prevent clot

uses: prevent/tx venous thrombosis, acute coronary syndromes
tox: bleeding, thrombocytopenia, osteoporosis

20
Q

Vitamin K

A
  • activation of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
  • help clot

uses: slow reversal of acquired coagulation factor deficiency induced by vitamin K antagonis (eg warfarin) tx

21
Q

Warfarin

A
  • inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase
  • thus, block production of vitamin K dependent clotting proteins (2, 7, 9, 10) and vitamin K dependent anti-clotting proteins C, S
  • prevent clot

uses: stroke prevention in a-fib, DVT, PE, mechanical heart valves
tox: bleeding

Blood and Cancer (7 decks)

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