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Genetics & Neoplasia > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mecholoroethamine

A

Class: Alkylating agent Mechanism: Interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks - DNA adducts CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: IV Resistance: Apoptosis, MDR, increased DNA repair Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression (dose limiting factor)

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2
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Class: Alkylating agent Mechanism: Interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks - DNA adducts CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: IV + Oral - it is broken down in lover to its active form Resistance: Apoptosis, MDR, increased DNA repair Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, sterile hemorrhagic cystitus, alopecia - mesna is administer to help with bladder problems and the patient is given forced hydration

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3
Q

Cisplatin

A

Class: Alkylating agent Mechanism: Interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks - DNA adducts CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: IV Resistance: Apoptosis, MDR, increased DNA repair Side effects: Severe nausea and vomiting, otatoxicity, peripheral nephrotoxicity, nephrotoxicity is the dose limiting factor

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4
Q

Methotrextate

A

Class: Anti metabolite Mechanism: 1. Mimics folic acid. 2. It inhibits formation of bases from DHFR, so no DNA and RNA can be made CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: IV + Orally Resistance: Decreased concentration of the drug in cancer cells and increase in [DHFR] Side effects: Bone marrow depression and GI tract

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5
Q

6-Mecarptopurine

A

Class: Anti metabolite Mechanism: 1. Purine analog. 2. It inhibits the synthesis of AMP and GMP. 3. Inactivated by Thiopurine Methyl Reductase CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: Orally Resistance: Decrease in levels of HPRT and increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Side effects: Bone marrow depression

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6
Q

6-Thiopurine

A

Class: Anti metabolite Mechanism: 1. Purine analog. 2. It inhibits the DNA and RNA synthesis 3. Inactivated by Thiopurine Methyl Reductase CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: Orally Resistance: Decrease in levels of HPRT and increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. Side effects: Bone marrow depression

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7
Q

5-Fluorouracil

A

Class: Anti metabolite Mechanism: 1. Inhibits the synthesis of thymidine 2. Inhibits thimidylate synthase enzyme CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: IV Resistance: Increase in [Thimidylate Synthase] and overexpression of DPD Side effects: Bone marrow depression + GI tract

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8
Q

Gemcitabine

A

Class: Anti metabolite Mechanism: 1. Inhibits polymerase and end chain terminator CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: IV Resistance: ??? Side effects: Bone marrow depression + GI tract

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9
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Class: Anti tumor antibody Mechanism: 1. Binds with DNA, does not form adducts 2. Releases free radicals when close to DNA CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: IV Resistance: MDR Side effects: Alopecia and cardiotoxicity, drug Dexrazoxane is given to control cardiotoxicity.

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10
Q

Daunorubicin

A

Class: Anti tumor antibody Mechanism: 1. Binds with DNA, does not form adducts 2. Releases free radicals when close to DNA CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: IV Resistance: MDR Side effects: Alopecia and cardiotoxicity, drug Dexrazoxane is given to control cardiotoxicity.

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11
Q

Bleomycin

A

Class: Anti tumor antibody Mechanism: 1. Releases free radicals CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: IV Resistance: MDR Side effects: Pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis

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12
Q

Vinblastin

A

Class: Microtubule poisons Mechanism: 1. Inhibits polymerization 2. Promotes depolymerization CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: IV Resistance:??? Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, alopecia, bone marrow supression

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13
Q

Vincristine

A

Class: Microtubule poisons Mechanism: 1. Inhibits polymerization 2. Promotes depolymerization CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: IV Resistance:??? Side effects: Peripheral neurotoxicity and less bone marrow suppression than vinblastin

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14
Q

Paclitaxel

A

Class: Microtubule poisons Mechanism: 1. Excessive stabilization of microtubules CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: in cremaphore nanoparticles that causes severe inflammatory response Resistance: MDR Side effects: Neuropathy and bone marrow depression

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15
Q

Docataxel

A

Class: Microtubule poisons Mechanism: 1. Excessive stabilization of microtubules CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: in cremaphore nanoparticles that causes severe inflammatory response Resistance: MDR Side effects: Neuropathy and bone marrow depression

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16
Q

Irinotaxen

A

Class: Topoisomerase inhibitor Mechanism: SN-38 is its active form, converted by esterase CCNS/CCS: CCS Administered: IV Resistance: Inactivated by glucouridination by UGT1A1 and reduction in esterase levels Side effects: Nausea, vomiting and Diarrhea (dose limiting)

17
Q

Flutamide

A

Class: Androgen inhibitor Mechanism: 1. Inhibits the binding of androgens to their receptors 2. It is taken with radiation when treating testicular cancer CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: IV Resistance: ??? Side effects: Nausea, hot flushes and Transient hepatic effects

18
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Side effects: Fatigue, headache and vaginal bleeding

19
Q

Lestrozole

A

Class: AI Mechanism: 1. Inhibits the conversion of andrgoens CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: Orally Resistance: ??? Side effects: Headache, nausea , fatigue, hot flushes

20
Q

Anastrazole

A

Class: AI Mechanism: 1. Inhibits the conversion of andrgoens CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: Orally Resistance: ??? Side effects: Headache, nausea , fatigue, hot flushes

21
Q

Trastuzumab

A

Cardiomyopathy

22
Q

Imatinab

A

Class: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor Mechanism: 1. Inhibits the tyrosine kinase receptors in BCR/ABL for Chronic Mylogenous Leukemia 2. Inhibits FIT receptor in Gastrointestinal Sarcoma Tumor (GIST) CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: Orally Resistance: ??? Side effects: Myelosuppression, edema and hepatotoxicity

23
Q

Dasatinab

A

Class: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor Mechanism: 1. Inhibits the tyrosine kinase receptors in BCR/ABL for Chronic Mylogenous Leukemia 2. Inhibits FIT receptor in Gastrointestinal Sarcoma Tumor (GIST) CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: Orally Resistance: ??? Side effects: Myelosuppression, edema and hepatotoxicity

24
Q

Gefitinab

A

Class: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor Mechanism: 1. Inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase 2. For non-small cell lung cancer CCNS/CCS: CCNS Administered: Orally Resistance: ??? Side effects: Fever and dyspnea

Genetics & Neoplasia (22 decks)

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