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Anesthesiology > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which category of drug competitively antagonizes acetylcholine (vagal tone)?

A

Anticholinergics

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2
Q

What do anticholinergics inhibit and how do they do so?

A
  • Bradycardia

- By decreasing vagal tone.

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3
Q

What might anticholinergics cause?

A

Sinus Tachycardia

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4
Q

What do anticholinergics reduce?

A

Glandular secretions

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5
Q

What effect do anticholinergics have on gastric pH?

A

Increase gastric pH

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6
Q

What effect do anticholinergics have on gastrointestinal motility?

A

Decrease gastrointestinal motility

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7
Q

What are two common side effects of anticholinergics?

A
  • Bronchodilation

- Mydriasis

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8
Q

Which two anticholinergics may produce drowsiness?

A
  • Atropine

- Scopolamine

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9
Q

Which anticholinergic does not cross the blood-brain barrier or placental barriers?

A

Glycopyrrolate

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10
Q

Which anticholinergic may slow the heart rate (bradycardia) temporarily after IV administration?

A

Atropine

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11
Q

What type of cardiac arrhythmias can atropine or glycopyrrolate cause if given IV?
What else can atropine given IV cause?

A
  • First and second degree AV blocks before sinus tachycardia.
  • Ventricular arrhythmias
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12
Q

What might atropine cause in dogs & cats?

In ruminants?

A
  • Depression

- Restlessness

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13
Q

What might anticholinergics cause in horses?

In ruminants?

A
  • Colic

- Bloat

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14
Q

What do phenothiazines cause?

A

Calming and muscle relaxation.

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15
Q

What are 3 effects phenothiazines have?

A
  • Antiemetic
  • Antiarrhythmic
  • Antihistaminic
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16
Q

What do phenothiazines do to analgesics?

A

Potentiate analgesics

17
Q

Where are phenothiazines metabolized?

A

Liver

18
Q

What is the normal DOA for phenothiazines?

Effects can be seen for up to how long?

A
  • 4 to 8 hours

- Up to 48 hours

19
Q

Can phenothiazines cause hypertension or hypotension?

A

Hypotension

20
Q

Can phenothiazines cause hyperthermia or hypothermia?

A

Hypothermia

21
Q

What do phenothiazines inhibit?

A

Platelet aggregation

22
Q

T/F: Phenothiazines are analgesic.

A

False - They are not analgesic.

23
Q

What is the concern with using phenothiazines in an epileptic patient?

A

They may lower seizure threshold in animals with epilepsy.

24
Q

What are 2 side effects seen with excessive doses of phenothiazines or butyrophenones?
Which species is particularly susceptible?

A
  • Apparent involuntary musculoskeletal effects and hallucinatory activity.
  • Horses
25
Q

What side effect with phenothiazines can be seen in Boxers?

A

Occasional bradycardia

26
Q

What effect do intrahepatic or extrahepatic shunts have on phenothiazines?

A

Increased duration of action.

Anesthesiology (19 decks)

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