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CPR Flashcards

1
Q

When should a crash cart be checked to make sure the emergency medications are up to date?

A

At least once a month and every time after it is used.

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2
Q

What are 4 essential supplies?

A
  • ET tube
  • Laryngoscope
  • IV catheter
  • Fluids
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3
Q

What has to be done before CPR is begun?

A

Make sure that is what the client wants.

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4
Q

Is CPA hospital survival rates high or low?

A

Very low

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5
Q

What does DNAR stand for?

A

Do not attempt resuscitation

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6
Q

What does CPCR stand for?

A

Cardio pulmonary cerebral resuscitation

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7
Q

What is the most successful CPCR?

A

The one avoided

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8
Q

Can anesthesia cause CPA?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What are the steps to follow with basic life support?

A
  • Chest compressions
  • Airway
  • Breathing
  • Circulation
  • Drugs
  • ECG
  • Fluid therapy
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10
Q

If you can only do one thing, what should be done?

A

Chest compressions

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11
Q

What is the goal of chest compressions?

A

Maximize cerebral & myocardial perfusion

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12
Q

How long are pauses between external chest compressions?

A

Less than 10 seconds

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13
Q

The thoracic pump theory is used in what size dogs?

A

Medium to large

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14
Q

What is the thoracic pump theory?

A

Applying rhythmic pressure to chest wall creates blood flow by increasing intrathoracic pressure on the arteries and veins to create forward blood flow.

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15
Q

What is used in cats and dogs less than 15 kg?

A

Cardiac pump theory

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16
Q

Forward blood movement from external chest compressions directly on the ventricles is known as what?

A

Cardiac pump theory

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17
Q

What type of a surface should a patient be placed on?

A

Firm

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18
Q

Change who is giving chest compression how often?

A

Every 2 minutes

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19
Q

How many compressions are given per minute?

A

80-100

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20
Q

How much is the chest compressed?

A

30%

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21
Q

Should the chest be allowed to fully recoil?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Should chest compressions be paused for anything?

A

No

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23
Q

How are hands positioned for medium to large dogs?

A

1 hand on top of the other parallel

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24
Q

Where are hands placed on chest for medium to large dogs?

A

At widest part of chest

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25
How is pressure applied for medium to large dogs?
Evenly using palm of hand.
26
For patients 7-10 kg, where are hands placed?
Over apex of heart between 4-6th intercostal space (right behind elbow/axilla
27
How are hands positioned for cats and dogs less than 7 kg?
Fingers of 1 hand on one side, thumb on the other side.
28
For penetrating chest wounds, thoracic trauma with rib fracture, pleural space disease, diaphragmatic hernia, pericardial effusion hemoperitoneum, intra-op cardiac arrest and inadequate circulation after 2-5 minutes of external, what can be used?
Internal cardiac massage
29
How can an airway be established?
Place an ET tube
30
What are 4 ways to confirm placement of an ET tube?
- Visual - chest wall excursions - Palpation - ETCO2
31
A vertical incision through tracheal rings is called what?
Tracheostomy
32
Are masked recommended for use in animals?
No
33
How are breaths given during respiratory arrest?
2 breaths given 1-2 seconds in duration
34
Is Doxapram recommended? | Why?
- No | - Increases oxygen requirements
35
What is the acupuncture site that might help stimulate breathing if jabbed multiple times? Where is it located?
- Jen Chung (GV26) | - On septum just below nose
36
Full CPA may be avoided if what resumes?
Breathing
37
What rate should ventilation proceed at if breathing does not resume?
10-12 bpm
38
Airway pressures need to be maintained below what level? | In order to avoid what?
- 20 cm H2O | - Barotrauma
39
Where is an impedance threshold device placed?
Between ET tube and breathing circuit
40
What device prevents air flow in ET tube creating more negative pressure in the chest generated during chest recoil?
Impedance threshold device
41
IV access should be obtained where?
Cephalic: peripheral before jugular
42
What size catheter should be used?
Largest diameter possible
43
If unable to get IV access, can you administer directly to the heart? What are 2 options?
- No | - IO or down ET tube
44
What needs to be done with drugs?
Reverse any drugs that may cause CV depression.
45
What is the reversal agent for opioids?
Naloxone
46
What is the reversal agent for alpha-2 agonists?
Atipamazole, Yohimbine
47
What is the reversal agent for benzodiazepenes?
Flumazenil
48
What is epinephrine?
Mixed adrenergic receptor
49
What receptors does epinephrine work on? | Which does it work strongest on?
- Alpha and beta | - Alpha
50
Stimulation of which receptor type increases myocardial contractility and heart rate?
Beta-1
51
Stimulation of which receptor type causes peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction and increases pulmonary PP?
Alpha-2
52
What size epinephrine does should be used first?
Low
53
What kind of drug is atropine?
Anticholinergic parasympatholytic
54
Where does atropine work?
Muscarinic receptors
55
what is given if there is a suspected increase in vagal tone during arrest?
Atropine
56
What is an indication for atropine?
Vagal-induced asystole
57
What drug increases automaticity of SA node and conduction of AV node?
Atropine
58
What is a drug that increases cerebral profusion through vasodilation?
Vasopressin
59
What type of an environment does vasopressin work in?
Acidic
60
Vasopressin can be used with or instead of what?
Epinephrine
61
How does lidocaine work?
Stabilizes cell membrane by Na+ channel blockade.
62
What are 2 negative effects lidocaine can have if defibrillation is planned?
- Increases defibrillation threshold | - Decreases myocardial automaticity
63
A pulseless cardiac arrest is known as what?
Ventricular asystole
64
What is the most common arrest rhythm?
Ventricular asystole
65
There are 2 types of what heart rhythm? | What are they?
- Ventricular tachycardia | - Pulse and no pulse
66
Is VT potentially life threatening?
Yes
67
Which type of VT heart rhythm is shockable?
No pulse
68
VT has a heart rate greater than what?
150 bpm
69
Unorganized ventricular excitation is known as what?
Ventricular fibrillation
70
What are 2 things seen with ventricular fibrillation?
- Inadequate myocardial contractions | - Cardiac pump failure
71
Is ventricular fibrillation a shockable rhythm?
Yes
72
The termination of ventricular fibrillation 5 seconds or more is known as what?
Defibrillation
73
How does defibrillation work?
Electrical shock depolarizes myocardial cells.
74
What are 2 rhythms that defibrillation can be used for?
- Ventricular fibrillation | - Ventricular tachycardia with no pulse
75
Can alcohol be used with defibrillation?
No
76
What is put on the paddles for defibrillation?
Conductive paste
77
What position is the patient put in?
Dorsal recumbency
78
What is done immediately after defibrillation is given?
Immediately resume chest compressions for 2 minutes.
79
What type of dose is given if patient is hypovolemic? What is the dose for a dog? Cat?
- Shock dose - Dog: 90 mL/kg - Cat: 45 mL/kg
80
How much fluid is given if the patient is euvolemic for a dog? Cat?
- Dog: 20 mL/kg | - Cat: 10 mL/kg
81
What is the daily maximum of Hetastarch a dog can have? | Vetstarch?
- 20 mL/kg/day | - 40 mL/kg/day
82
What is the daily maximum amount of colloid a cat can receive?
5-10 mL/kg/day
83
A fast bolus of hypertonic saline is associated with what 2 side effects?
- Vagal-induced bradycardia | - Hypotension
84
What can decreased ETCO2 be due to?
Compression fatigue during CPR
85
What can a sudden increase in ETCO2 be due to?
Probable return of spontaneous circulation during CPR.
86
What is the prognosis of ROSC if a level of greater than 20 mmHg at 20 minutes of CPR is achieved? If less than 10 mmHg at 20 minutes of CPR?
- Increased likelihood of ROSC | - ROSC unlikely to occur
87
Does pulse palpation give an indication of arterial perfusion?
No
88
What gives an indication of perfusion?
ETCO2
89
What is the most accurate blood gas?
Central venous
90
What can be seen after resuscitation?
Permissive hypothermia
91
What can be given to increase CO without excessive vasoconstriction?
Dobutamine CRI

Anesthesiology (19 decks)

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