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Anesthesiology > Anesthesia Machine > Flashcards

Anesthesia Machine Flashcards

1
Q

Anesthetized patients encounter what type of depression from the anesthetic drugs?

A

Respiratory depression

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2
Q

Without supplemental oxygen, what is very possible to occur in an anesthetized patient?

A

Hypoxemia

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3
Q

What color are oxygen tanks?

A

Green

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4
Q

What color are Nitrous Oxide tanks?

A

Blue

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5
Q

How much does an empty E Cylinder weigh?

A

6 kg

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6
Q

How much does an empty H Cylinder weigh?

A

60 kg

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7
Q

How much oxygen can an E Cylinder contain?

A

660 Liters

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8
Q

How much oxygen does an H Cylinder contain?

A

6600 Liters

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9
Q

How much nitrous oxide does an E Cylinder contain?

A

1600 Liters

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10
Q

How much nitrous oxide does an H Cylinder contain?

A

16,000 Liters

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11
Q

What is the tank cylinder pressure in both E and H oxygen tanks?

A

2,200 psi

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12
Q

What is the tank cylinder pressure for E and H nitrous oxide tanks?

A

750 psi @ 20 celsius

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13
Q

What is the pressure at which both E and H oxygen and nitrous oxide tanks should be changed at?

A

500 psi

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14
Q

T/F: The cylinder pressure gauge on a nitrous oxide tank reads the total amount of gas and liquid in the tank.

A

False - it reads only the pressure of the gas within the tank.

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15
Q

When does the gauge change on a nitrous oxide tank?

A

Not until all of the liquid has evaporated.

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16
Q

What is the equation to calculate the remaining oxygen within an E Cylinder?

A

2200 psi/660 L = psi left on E tank/ X Liters

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17
Q

How do you find out how many minutes of oxygen we have remaining?

A

X liters/Flow Liters per Min

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18
Q

What are 3 pros for using a quick coupler?

A
  • Allows rapid connection
  • Allows rapid disconnection
  • Gas specific fittings
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19
Q

You use to Diameter Index Safety System for which 2 types of cylinders?

A

H or G cylinders

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20
Q

A DISS fitting has what 2 special features?

A

Gas-specific diameter and thread

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21
Q

What type of cylinder is used with a Pin Index Safety System?

A

E cylinder

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22
Q

What do you attach an E cylinder to with the Pin Index Safety System?

A

Hanger yoke site

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23
Q

What are 3 types of pressure relief devices that can be used to alleviate high pressure/temp?

A
  • Rupture disc
  • Pressure relief valve
  • Fusible plug
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24
Q

T/F: Room air is adequate for normal tissue function in healthy awake patients.

A

True

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25
Q

What do you use when there are 2 E cylinders connected to one machine?

A

Adiabatic change

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26
Q

How should E tanks be stored?

A

In a rack.

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27
Q

How should H cylinders be stored?

A

Secured to a wall.

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28
Q

T/F: Full tanks should be stored with empty tanks.

A

False - full tanks should be separated from empty tanks.

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29
Q

Is it ok to store compressed gas cylinders near heat and electrical wiring?

A

No, keep them away from heat and electrical wiring.

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30
Q

O2 should be kept at least how far away from combustibles?

A

20 feet

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31
Q

Should cylinder valves be opened slowly or quickly?

A

Slowly

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32
Q

What are 2 things to do when transporting and handling E cylinders?

A
  • Carry with both hands, one at a time

- Use an approved cart

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33
Q

What are 3 things to remember when transporting an H cylinder?

A
  • Use approved trolley
  • Attach metal cap
  • Chain to trolley
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34
Q

What is the oxygen output range for an oxygen

concentrator?

A

93% USP minimum - 95% maximum

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35
Q

What does the dial on a cylinder pressure gauge measure?

A

Reads remaining gas pressure (psi) left in cylinder.

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36
Q

What is another name for the pressure reduction valve?

A

Pressure regulator

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37
Q

What does the pressure reduction valve do?

A

Reduces cylinder pressure to a fixed 50 psi.

38
Q

The pressure reduction valve provides a constant pressure of what to what?

A

50 psi to the flowmeter

39
Q

The amount of O2 in L/min that travels through the machine and is delivered to the patient is known as what?

40
Q

The height of the ball/bobbin that rises within a glass tube in the flow-meter is proportional to what?

A

The flow of gas through the tube.

41
Q

Why is it important to avoid excessive torque when closing flow-meter knobs?

A

They can become stripped and broken.

42
Q

Gas passing through the flow-meter is reduced from what to what?

A

50 psi to about 15 psi

43
Q

Where is the oxygen flow-meter in a series of meters?

A

Last, closest to the patient.

44
Q

The N2O:O2 should not exceed what ratio?

What can be caused if this ratio is exceeded?

A
  • 2:1

- Hypoxemia

45
Q

What bypasses the vaporizer and delivers O2 directly to the patient breathing circuit?

A

Quick flush

46
Q

What does the quick flush deliver?

A

35-75 LPM of O2

47
Q

What are 4 proper uses of the quick flush?

A
  • Deliver oxygen to critically ill patient
  • Lower anesthetic (%) in breathing circuit
  • Speed recovery
  • Flush residual vapors from breathing circuit
48
Q

What do you need to be careful of when using the quick flush in small animals?

A

Over-inflation of lungs

49
Q

Do not use the quick flush valve on a small patient attached to what type of system?

A

Low volume breathing system (non-breathing system)

50
Q

What does STP stand for?

A

Standard temperature and pressure

51
Q

Most anesthetic gases used in clinics are what type of liquids at STP?

A

Volatile liquids

52
Q

What are the 2 most commonly used anesthetic gases?

A
  • Sevoflurane

- Isoflurane

53
Q

Will Nitrous oxide produce general anesthesia?

54
Q

What does VOC stand for?

A

Vaporizer out of circuit

55
Q

Which is used most commonly, VOC or VIC?

56
Q

Which is a complex precision vaporizer, VOC or VIC?

57
Q

Carrier gas equals what in a VOC?

A

Carrier gas = fresh gas

58
Q

Carrier gas equals what in a VIC?

A

Carrier gas = patient gases

59
Q

Are VOCs agent-specific?

60
Q

VOCs can be used with re-breathing systems, non-rebreathing systems or both?

61
Q

What should always be done with the gas exiting the vaporizer?

A

Scavenge it

62
Q

What converts volatile anesthetic liquids to anesthetic vapor and adds it to the carrier gas?

A

Vaporizers

63
Q

The output % on a vaporizer is dependent on what?

A

Vaporizer dial setting

64
Q

The process of evaporation in a closed container will proceed until there are as many molecules returning to the liquid as there are escaping, this state of equilibrium is know as what?

A

Saturated vapor pressure (SVP)

65
Q

Does kinetic energy decrease or increase with temperature?

66
Q

If temperature increases, does SVP decrease or increase?

67
Q

What is the SVP of Sevoflurane at 20C?

68
Q

What is the SVP of Isoflurane at 20C?

69
Q

What is the SVP of Desflurane at 20C?

70
Q

Which type of vaporizers deliver “precise” concentrations of anesthetic vapor?

A

Precision vaporizers

71
Q

What kind of agents are the best to use with a precision vaporizer?
What are 3 examples of these?

A
  • Agents with a high SVP

- sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane

72
Q

Does temperature affect kinetic energy?

73
Q

Do most vaporizers compensate for temperature?

74
Q

What should always be checked on the vaporizer prior to use?

A

Amount of liquid anesthetic remaining.

75
Q

When should vaporizers be refilled?

A

When the level of liquid anesthetic is below the half-full mark.

76
Q

What do you do if you fill the vaporizer with the wrong anesthetic agent?

A

Drain and flush with 1 L/min O2 until dry

77
Q

Are VOC precision or non-precision?

VIC?

A
  • VOC = precision

- VIC = non-precision

78
Q

Does a non-precision (VIC) vaporizer need to use an agent with a high SVP or a low SVP?

A

Very low SVP

79
Q

What is the concentration of anesthetic delivered with a non-precision (VIC) vaporizer?

80
Q

The concentration of anesthetic delivered with a non-precision (VIC) vaporizer can vary with what 4 factors?

A
  • Temperature
  • Patient ventilation
  • Dial setting
  • Back pressure
81
Q

What are 2 examples of temperature compensation valves?

A
  • Bi-metallic

- “Liquid Bellows”

82
Q

Is liquid anesthetic agent normally found in the by-pass channel?

83
Q

Which is better for preventing back pressure, a short or long inlet tube?

A

Long inlet tube

84
Q

It is important to not do what with all types of vaporizers?

Why?

A
  • Do not tip over/shake vaporizer

- Liquid anesthetic enters by-pass channel and a lethal dose may be delivered to the patient

85
Q

If a vaporizer gets tipped over/shaken, what should be done?

A

Run O2 through the machine with the vaporizer off for at least 15-30 minutes.

86
Q

What should always be done to the vaporizer before transporting it?

A

Should be emptied.

87
Q

If the vaporizer being used does not have a mechanism that accounts for changes in barometric pressure, what needs to be done at higher altitudes?

A

The dial seeing on the vaporizer must be decreased.

88
Q

What are 3 factors that can have an effect on the output concentration of the anesthetic vaporizer if no compensating mechanism is present?

A
  • Altitude
  • Temperature
  • Tipping
89
Q

Desflurane boils at what temperature?

90
Q

Which liquid anesthetic agents requires a special precision vaporizer?

A

Desflurane

91
Q

Desflurane is electrically heated to what temperature?

92
Q

What are 3 potential “killers” with an anesthesia machine?

A
  • Too little oxygen
  • Too much vaporizer
  • Too tight of a pop-off valve

Anesthesiology (19 decks)

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